Abrahams, A.D., Parsons, A.J., Luk, S.H., 1985. Field measurement of the velocity of overland flow using dye tracing. Earth Surf. Process. Landf. 11, 653–657.
Abedi, R., Pourbabaei, H., 2011. Ecological species groups in the rural heritage museum of Guilan Province, Iran. Casp. J. Environ. Sci. 9, 115-123.
Adamczyk, B., Sietiö, OM., Straková, P. et al. 2019. Plant roots increase both decomposition and stable organic matter formation in boreal forest soil. Nat Commun. 10, 3982.
Allison, L.E., 1975. Organic carbon. In: CA, Black (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI, pp. 1367–1378.
Bai, Y., Wei, H., Ming, A., Shu, W., Shen, W., 2023. Tree species mixing begets admixture of soil microbial communities: Variations along bulk soil, rhizosphere soil and root tissue. Geoderma 438, 116638.
Ban, Y.Y., Lei, T.W., 2022. Mathematical method for physics-based rill erosion process using detachment and transport capacities. Sci Rep 12, 4812.
Casagrande, A., 1948. Classification and identification of soils. Trans. ASCE 113, 901-991.
Chen, K-L., Yan, Y-F., Li, Y-H., Zhang, H., Tang, K-M., Wu, H-Y., Kang, Y-Y., 2023. Temporal variation in soil rill erodibility and critical shear stress during concentrated flow for three different crops. Soil and Water Research 18, 181-191.
Clark, L.A., Wynn, T.M., 2007. Methods for determining streambank critical shear stress and soil erodibility: Implications for erosion rate predictions. Transactions of the ASABE 50, 95–106.
De Baets, S., Poesen, J., 2010. Empirical models for predicting the erosion-reducing effects of plant roots during concentrated flow erosion. Geomorphology 118, 425–432.
De Baets, S., Poesen, J., Gyssels, G., Knapen, A., 2006. Effects of grass roots on the erodibility of topsoils during concentrated flow. Geomorphology 76, 54–67.
De León-González, F., Gutiérrez-Castorena, M.C., González-Chávez, M.C.A., Castillo-Juárez, H., 2007. Root-aggregation in a pumiceous sandy soil. Geoderma 142, 308-317.
Erktan, A., Cécillon, L., Graf, F., Roumet, C., Legout, C., Rey, F., 2016. Increase in soil aggregate stability along a Mediterranean successional gradient in severely eroded gully bed ecosystems: combined effects of soil, root traits and plant community characteristics. Plant Soil 398, 121–137.
Esmailzadeh, O., Hosseini, S.M., Tabari, M., Baskin, C.C., Asadi, H., 2011. Persistent soil seed banks and floristic diversity in Fagus orientalis forest communities in the Hyrcanian vegetation region of Iran. Flora: Morphol. Distrib. Funct. Ecol. Plants. 26, 365-372.
Firincioglu, B.S., Bilsel, H., 2023. Unified Plasticity Potential of Soils. Appl. Sci. 13, 7889.
Geng, R., Jin, Q., Lei, S., Liu, H., Lu, B., Xie, M., 2022. Comparison of Critical Shear Stress of Rill Erosion Estimated from Two Methods. Water 14, 1949.
Geng, R., Zhang, G.H., Hong, D.L., Ma, Q.H., Jin, Q., Shi, Y.Z., 2021. Response of soil detachment capacity to landscape positions in hilly and gully regions of the Loess Plateau. Catena 196, 104852.
Gharibreza, M., Zaman, M., Porto, P., Fulajtar, E., Parsaei, L., Eisaei, H., 2020. Assessment of deforestation impact on soil erosion in loess formation using 137Cs method (case study: Golestan Province, Iran). International Soil and Water Conservation Research 8, 393-405.
Ghasemzadeh, Z., Parhizkar, M., Mirmohammadmeygooni, S., Shabanpour, M., Chalmers, G., 2023. Forest soil inoculation with Bacillus subtilus reduces soil detachment rate to mitigate rill erosion. Rhizosphere 26, 100707.
Ghorbanalizadeh, A., Akhani, H., 2022. Plant diversity of Hyrcanian relict forests: An annotated checklist, chorology and threat categories of endemic and near endemic vascular plant species. Plant Divers. 44, 39-69.
Gui, Y., Zhang, Q., Qin, X., Wang, J., 2021. Influence of Organic Matter Content on Engineering Properties of Clays. Adv. Civ. Eng. 2021, 1-11.
Hao, H-X., Qin, J-H., Sun, Z-X., Guo, Z-L., Wang, J-G., 2021. Erosion-reducing effects of plant roots during concentrated flow under contrasting textured soils. Catena 203, 105378.
IRIMO (Islamic Republic of Iran Meteorological Organization), 2016. Annual Rainfall Report. Available online: www.irimo.ir (accessed on 20 September 2019).
Khanal, A., Fox, G.A., 2017. Detachment characteristics of root-permeated soils from laboratory jet erosion tests. Ecol. Eng. 100, 335-343.
Khoirullah, N., Mufti, I.J., Sophian, I., Iskandarsyah, T.Y.W.M., Muslim, D., 2019. Erosion potential based on erodibility and plasticity index data on Cilengkrang, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science 396, 012035.
Leung, F.T.Y., Yan, W.M., Hau, B.C.H., Tham, L.G., 2015. Root systems of native shrubs and trees in Hong Kong and their effects on enhancing slope stability. Catena 125, 102–110.
Li, M., Hai, X., Hong, H. et al. 2019a. Modelling soil detachment by overland flow for the soil in the Tibet Plateau of China. Sci Rep 9, 8063.
Li, T.Y., Li, S., Liang, C., He, B.H., Bush, R.T., 2019b. Erosion vulnerability of sandy clay loam soil in Southwest China: Modeling soil detachment capacity by flume simulation. Catena 178, 90–99.
Li, Y., Zhang, J., Hu, Y., Zhao, J., Tang, P., 2025. Contributions of flow discharge, slope gradient, and scouring time on rill erosion: A quantitative study of exposed slopes in the loess region. International Journal of Sediment Research. In Press.
Liu, J., Zhang, X., Zhou, Z., 2019. Quantifying effects of root systems of planted and natural vegetation on rill detachment and erodibility of a loessial soil. Soil Tillage Res. 195, 104420.
Liu, L., Zhang, K., Wang, P., Shi, W., Liu, J., Li, Y., (2024). Effects of root traits on soil detachment capacity driven by farmland abandonment. Catena 239, 107951.
Lu, J., Sun, B., Ren, F., Li, H., Jiao, X., 2021. Effect of Freeze-Thaw Cycles on Soil Detachment Capacities of Three Loamy Soils on the Loess Plateau of China. Water 13, 342.
Ma, J., Li, Z., Sun, B., Ma, B., 2022. Mechanism and modeling of different plant root effects on soil detachment rate. Catena 212, 106109.
Manyiwa, T., Dikinya, O., 2013. Using universal soil loss equation and soil erodibility factor to assess soil erosion in Tshesebe village, north east Botswana. Afr. J. Agric. Res. 8, 4170–4178.
Millward, A.A., Mersey, J.E., 1999. Adapting the RUSLE to model soil erosion potential in a mountainous tropical watershed. Catena 38, 109–129.
Mohammadi Galangash, M., Nikkhah, P., Nikooy, M., 2019. The effect of tree covers on reducing noise pollution load in Saravan Forest Park, Guilan Province, Iran. Caspian J. Environ. Sci. 18, 73-80.
Nash, J.E., Sutcliffe, J.V., 1970. River flow forecasting through conceptual models part I-a discussion of principles. J. Hydrol. 10, 282-290.
Nearing, M.A., Bradford, J.M., Parker, S.C., 1991. Soil detachment by shallow flow at low slopes. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 55, 339–344.
Ngezahayo, E., Ghataora, G.S., Burrow, M., 2019. Evaluation of the influence of geotechnical, environmental and road aspects on erodibility of rural roads. International IJLEMR. 04, 29–54.
Parhizkar, 2024. Effects of tree and shrub species on soil quality, sediment detachment capacity caused by rills and surface slope stability in forest lands of Northern Iran. Int. J. Sediment Res. 39, 795-803.
Parhizkar, M., Cerdà, A., 2023. Modelling effects of human-caused fires on rill detachment capacity based on surface burning of soils in forest lands. J. Hydrol. 624, 129893.
Parhizkar, M., Ghasemzadeh, Z., Shabanpour, M., 2023a. Reduction in soil detachment capacity by inoculation of bacillus polymyxa strain BcP26 in deforested lands. Rhizosphere 25, 100658.
Parhizkar, M., Ghasemzadeh, Z., Shabanpour, M., Mohamadi, S., Shamsi, R., Ramezani, A., 2023b. Effects of silica nanoparticles on root characteristics of Zoysia grass and rill detachment capacity in soils treated with hydromulch. Catena 228, 107185.
Parhizkar, M., Nasiri, M.R., 2024. Modeling root effects on soil detachment capacity using critical flow depth and unit energy of cross section in soils under Fraxinus excelsior L. species. Rhizosphere 32, 100990.
Parhizkar, M., Shabanpour, M., Khaledian, M., Cerdà, A., Rose, C.W., Asadi, H., Lucas-Borja, M.E., Zema, D.A., 2020a. Assessing and Modeling Soil Detachment Capacity by Overland Flow in Forest and Woodland of Northern Iran. Forests. 11(1), 65.
Parhizkar, M., Shabanpour, M., Lucas-Borja, M.E., Zema, D.A., Li, S., Tanaka, N., Cerdà, A., 2021. Effects of length and application rate of rice straw mulch on surface runoff and soil loss under laboratory simulated rainfall. Int. J. Sediment Res. 36, 468-478.
Parhizkar, M., Shabanpour, M., Zema, D.A., Lucas-Borja, M.E., 2020b. Rill Erosion and Soil Quality in Forest and Deforested Ecosystems with Different Morphological Characteristics. Resources 9 (11), 129.
Parhizkar, M., Zema, D.A., Lucas-Borja, M.E., 2024. Plant roots reduce rill detachment and shallow instability in forest topsoils. Rhizosphere 31, 100921.
Pawlik, Ł., Gruba, P., Gałązka, A., Marzec-Grządziel, A., Kupka, D., Szopa, K., Buma, B., Šamonil, P., 2023. Weathering and soil production under trees growing on sandstones – The role of tree roots in soil formation. Sci. Total Environ. 902, 166002.
Peng, L., Tang, C., Zhang, X., Duan, J., Yang, L., Liu, S., 2022. Quantifying the Effects of Root and Soil Properties on Soil Detachment Capacity in Agricultural Land Use of Southern China. Forests 13, 1788.
Poirier, V., Roumet, C., Munson, A.D., 2018. The root of the matter: Linking root traits and soil organic matter stabilization processes. Soil Biol. Biochem. 120, 246-259.
Quan, X., He, J., Cai, Q., Sun, L., Li, X., Wang, S., 2020. Soil erosion and deposition characteristics of slope surfaces for two loess soils using indoor simulated rainfall experiment. Soil Tillage Res. 204, 104714.
Sadeghi, S.H., Jafarpoor, A., Homaee, M., Zarei Darki, B., 2023. Changeability of rill erosion properties due to microorganism inoculation. Catena. 223, 106956.
Sedaghatkish, F., Asadi Kapourchal, S., Parhizkar, M., 2023. Oriental beech roots improve soil aggregate stability and reduce soil detachment rate in forest lands. Rhizosphere 27, 100744.
Sedaghatkish, F., Asadi Kapourchal, S., Parhizkar, M., 2024. Determination of appropriate range of effective root diameter for improving and assessing soil aggregate stability. Rhizosphere 31, 100917.
Sedaghatkish, F., Asadi Kapourchal, S., Parhizkar, M., 2025. Efficiency of four types of biochar to improve soil properties and decrease soil detachment in vulnerable hillslopes to rill erosion. International Journal of Sediment Research. In Press.
Smerdon, E.T., Beasley, R.P., 1961. Critical tractive forces in cohesive soils. Agric. Eng. 42, 26–29.
Sun, J., Lu, P., Cao, Y., Zhang, N., Wu, F., Li, P., 2022. Effects of different crop root systems on soil detachment by concentrated flow on the loess plateau in China. Water 14, 772.
Wang, B., Zhang, G.H., Shi, Y.Y., Zhang, X.C., Ren, Z.P., Zhu, L.J., 2013. Effect of natural restoration time of abandoned farmland on soil detachment by overland flow in the Loess Plateau of China. Earth Surf. Process. Landf. 38, 1725–1734.
Wang, S., Fan, Y., Liu, L., Qu, J., 2023. Transport/Detachment Regimes of Different Size Class Sediment Particles and Enlightenments for Transport Capacity Prediction for Rain-Induced Overland Flow Erosion. Sustainability 15, 7906.
Xiao, T., Li, P., Fei, W., Wang, J., 2024. Effects of vegetation roots on the structure and hydraulic properties of soils: A perspective review. Sci. Total Environ. 906, 167524.
Yousefzadeh, H., Walas, Ł., Amirchakhmaghi, N., Alipour, S., Pouramin, M., Song, Y-G., Kozlowski, G., 2024. Potential effects of climate change on future distribution of an endangered tree species, Acer mazandaranicum, in the Hyrcanian forest. For. Ecol. Manag. 555, 121654.
Zhang, G.H., Liu, G.B., Tang, K.M., Zhang, X.C., 2008. Flow detachment of soils under different land uses in the Loess Plateau of China. Trans. ASABE 51, 883–890.
Zhou, C., Shen, N., Zhang, F., Delang, C.O., 2022. Soil detachment by sediment-laden rill flow interpreted using three experimental design methods. Catena 215, 106332.
Zuo, Z., Wang, H., Ding, S., Wu, Y., 2022. Effect of Rill Development on Slope Erosion and Sediment Yield Based on Stereophotogrammetry Technology. Water 14, 2951.
