Effect of Hydraulic Seeding Treatments on of Road Cut Slope

Document Type : Original Research

Authors
A. Parsakhoo 1
M. Mostafa 2
1 Forestry Department, Forest Science Faculty, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
2 Mazandaran Agricultural & Natural Resources Research & Education Center, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Sari, Iran
Abstract
Aims: In the present study, effect of different hydro seed binder combinations were evaluated on stability clay soil cut slope of road in the campus of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran.

Materials & Methods: The hydro-seed treatments were classified as A (5L m-2 water, 50g m-2 Festuca arundinacea L., 40g m-2 polyacrylamide tackifier, 30g m-2 starter fertilizer and 20g m-2 super absorbent polymer), B (5L m-2 water, 70g m-2 Festuca arundinacea L., 50g m-2 polyacrylamide tackifier, 40g m-2 starter fertilizer and 30g m-2 super absorbent polymer) and C (5L m-2 water, 90g m-2 Festuca arundinacea L., 60g m-2 polyacrylamide tackifier, 50g m-2 starter fertilizer and 40g m-2 super absorbent polymer). Then mean weight diameter, aggregate stability, liquid limit, friction angle and, soil cohesion indices experiments in wet and dry conditions conducted in three replications for each treatment.

Findings: Results showed that the maximum value of MWDwet (0.91mm), MWDdry (5.4mm), aggregate stability (88%), liquid limit (48%), plastic limit (35%), friction angle (44.9 degree) and soil cohesion (13.5kPa) obtained by application of hydro-seed C. Minimum percentage of aggregate destruction (38%) and plastic index (13%) obtained in results of hydro-seed C application.

Conclusion: The application of hydraulic seeding treatments improved the structural stability, plastic index and shear strength of the soil. Future research in this subject requires to perform in the field. This study will eventually be used in the implementation section.
Keywords
Hydro-seed
Aggregate Size
Plastic Index
Soil Destruction Index
Cohesion

Subjects

1- Chen Z, Wang R, Han P, Sun H, Sun H., & Li, C. 2018. Soil water repellency of the artificial soil and natural soil in rocky slopes as affected by the drought stress and polyacrylamide. Science of the Total Environment. 2018; (619–620): 401–409.
2- Šeda M, Šíma J, VolavkaT, Vondruška J. Contamination of soils with Cu, Na and Hg due to the highway and railway transport. Eurasian Journal of Soil Science. 2017; 6 (1): 59 – 64.
3- Wagenbrenner JW, MacDonald LH, Rough D. Effectiveness of three postfire rehabilitation treatments in the Colorado Front Range. Hydrological Processes. 2006; 20:2989-3006.
4- Keesstra SD, Bouma J, Wallinga J, Tittonell P, Smith P, Cerdà A, Montanarella L, Quinton NJ, Pachepsky Y, Putten WH, Bardgett RD, Moolenaar S, Mol G, Jansen B, Fresco OL. The significance of soils and soil science towards realization of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Soil. 2016, 2: 111-128.
5- Keesstra SD, Mol G, Leeuw J, Okx J, Molenaar C, Cleen M, Visser S. Soil-Related Sustainable Development Goals: Four Concepts to Make Land Degradation Neutrality and Restoration Work. Land. 2018; 7(133): 1-20.
6- Zuazo VHD, Pleguezuelo CRR. Soil-erosion and runoff prevention by plant covers. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development. 2008; 28: 65-86.
7- Jozefaciuk G, Czachor, H. Impact of organic matter, iron oxides, alumina, silica and drying on mechanical and water stability of artificial soil aggregates Assessment of new method to study water stability. Geoderma. 2014; (221-222): 1-10.
8- Chen Z, Luo R, Huang Z, Tu W, Chen J, Li W. 2015. Effects of different backfill soils on artificial soil quality for cut slope revegetation: soil structure, soil erosion, and moisture retention and soil c stock. Ecological Engineering. 2015; 83: 5–12.
9- Fua D, Yanga H, Wanga L, Yanga S, Lia R, Zhanga W, Aib X, Aia, Y. Vegetation and soil nutrient restoration of cut slopes using outside soil spray seeding in the plateau region of southwestern China. Journal of Environmental Management. 2018; 228: 47–54.
10- De Oña J, Osorio F. Using waste to reduce slope erosion on road embankments. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers. 2006; 159: 15–24.
11- De Oña J, Ferrer A, Osorio F. 2011. Erosion and vegetation cover in road slopes hydro-seeded with sewage sludge. Transportation Research Part D, 2011; 16: 465–468.
12- Vallone M, Pipitone F, Alleri, M, Febo P, Catania, P. Hydro-seeding application on degraded slopes in the southern Mediterranean area (Sicily). American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers. 2013; 29(3): 309-319.
13- Dodson, EK, Peterson DW. Seeding and fertilization effects on plant cover and community recovery following wildfire in the eastern Cascade Mountains, USA. Forest Ecology and Management. 2009; 258:1586–1593.
14- Bautista S, Robichaud PR, Bladé, C. Post-fire mulching. In: Cerdá, A., Robichaud, P.R. (Eds.), Fire effects on soils and restoration strategies. Science Publishers, Enfield, NH, USA, 2009; 353-372.
15- Groen H, Woods SW. Effectiveness of aerial seeding and straw mulch for reducing post-wildfire erosion, north-western Montana, USA. International Journal of Wildland Fire. 2008; 17:559-571.
16- Montoro JA, Rogel JA, Querejeta J, Diaz E, Castillo V. Three hydroseeding revegetation techniques for soil erosion control on anthropic steep slopes. Land Degradation & Develop. 2000; 11:315–325.
17- Brofasa G, Mantakasa G, Tsagaria K, Stefanakis M, Varelides C. Effectiveness of cellulose, straw and binding materials for mining spoils revegetation by hydro-seeding in Central Greece. Ecological engineering. 2007; 31: 193–199.
18- Fua D, Yanga H, Wanga L, Yanga S, Lia R, Zhanga W, Aib X, Aia, Y. Vegetation and soil nutrient restoration of cut slopes using outside soil spray seeding in the plateau region of southwestern China. Journal of Environmental Management. 2018; 228: 47–54.
19- Jozefaciuk G, Czachor, H. Impact of organic matter, iron oxides, alumina, silica and drying on mechanical and water stability of artificial soil aggregates Assessment of new method to study water stability. Geoderma. 2014; (221-222): 1-10.
20- Montoro JA, Rogel JA, Querejeta J, Diaz E, Castillo V. Three hydroseeding revegetation techniques for soil erosion control on anthropic steep slopes. Land Degradation & Develop. 2000; 11:315–325.
21- Prats S, Malvar MC, Vieira DCS, MacDonald L, Keizer JJ. Effectiveness of hydromulching to reduce runoff and erosion in a recently burnt Pine plantation in central Portugal. Land Degrad & Develop. 2013; 27: 1319-1333.
22- Sutejo Y, Gofar N. Effect of Area Development on the Stability of Cut Slopes. Procedia Engineering. 2015; 125: 331–337.
23- Zhang XC, Miller WP, Nearing MA, Norton LD. Effects of surface treatment on surface sealing, runoff and inter-rill erosion. Transactions American Society of Agricultural Engineers. 1998; 41:989-994.
24- Parsakhoo, A, Mostafa, M, Pourmalekshah, A.A.M.A. The effects of slash and sawdust on reducing soil compaction on skid trails. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research. 2017; 25(1):171-183.
25- Sadeghi SHR, Hazbavi Z, Younesi, H, Bahramifar, N. Trade-off between runoff and sediments from treated erosion plots and polyacrylamide and acrylamide residues. Catena. 2016; 142: 213-220.
26- Sadeghi SHR, Hazbavi Z. Sustainable watershed management through applying appropriate level of soil amendments. In Sustainable Watershed Management - Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Sustainable Watershed Management, SUWAMA 2014 (pp. 183–185).
27- Mohammad JZ, Kabiri, K. Superabsorbent Polymer Materials: A Review. Iranian Polymer Journal. 2008; 17(6):451-477.
28- ASTM. Standard D2434. Permeability of granular soils (Constant Head). ASTM annual CDs, 2011. of standards, 04. 08, West Conshohocken, PA
29- Kooch Y, Rostayee F, Hosseini SM. Soil Quality Indices in Pure and Mixed Forest Stands of Southern Caspian Region. ECOPERSIA, 2015; 3(2):978-1001.
30- Babcock D, McLaughlin R. Runoff water quality and vegetative establishment for groundcovers on steep slopes. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2011; 66:132-141.
31- Kemper WD, Rosenau RC. Size distribution of aggregates. P 425-442, In: A. Klute (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis Part 1, second ed., Agron. Monogr.1986; 9. ASA-SSSA. Madison, WI.
32- Bissonnais YLE. Aggregate stability and assessment of soil crustability and erodibility: I. Theory and methodology. European Journal of Soil Science. 1996; 47:425-437.
33- Van Bavel CHM. Mean weight diameter of soil aggregates as a statistical index of aggregation. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 1949; 14: 20-23.
34- Atterberg, A. On the investigation of the physical properties of soils and on the plasticity of clays. Internationale Mitteilungen für Bodenkunde. (1911); 1: 10-43. (In German)
35- Abe K, Iwamoto M. Preliminary experiment on shear in soil layers with a large direct shear apparatus. Journal of the Japanese Forest Society.1986; 68: 61-65.
36- Wu, HT, Watson, A. In-situ shear test of soil blocks with roots. Canadian Geotechnical Journal. 1998; 35:579-590.
37- Muzzi E, Roffi F, Sirotti M, Bagnaresi, U. Revegetation techniques on clay soil slopes in northern Italy. Land Degrad & Develop, 1997; 8:127–137.
38- Heidary K, Najafi Nejad A, Dekker LW, Ownegh M, Mohammadian Behbahani AP. Impact of Soil Water Repellency on Hydrological and Erosion Processes; A Review. ECOPERSIA. 2018; 6(4):269-284
39- Parsakhoo A, Jajouzadeh J, Rezaee motlagh, A. Effect of hydroseeding on grass yield and water use efficiency on forest road artificial soil slopes. journal of forest science, 2018; 64(4): 157-163.
40- Shahid SA, Qidwai AA, Anwar F, Ullah I, Rashid U. Improvement in the water retention characteristics of sandy loam soil using a newly synthesized poly (acrylamide-co-acrylic Acid)/AlZnFe2O4 superabsorbent hydrogel nanocomposite material. Molecules. 2012; 17: 9397–9412.
41- Yu J, Shi JG, Ma X, Dang P, YanYL, Mamedov AI. Superabsorbent polymer properties and concentration effects on water retention under drying conditions. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 2017; 81:889–901.
42- Mamedov AI, Beckmann S, Huang C, Levy GJ. Aggregate stability as affected by Polyacrylamide molecular weight, soil texture, and water quality. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 2007; 71:1909–1918.
43- Zuazo VHD, Pleguezuelo CRR. Soil-erosion and runoff prevention by plant covers. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development. 2008; 28: 65-86.