Na+, K+-ATPase (α1a and α1b) and NKCC co-transporter genes expression in the gills of Salmo trutta caspus, parr

Authors
S. Khodabandeh 1
H. Rajabi 2
1 Associate Professor, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
2 M.Sc. Student, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
Abstract
The effects of fish weight on salinity tolerance were studied in Caspian salmon (Salmo trutta caspius) parr. 180 fish (all with 2 years old but with three weights; 5, 15, 25g) were selected and they reared in freshwater (FW) and brackish water (BW; 13ppt salinity) for 10 days. The mRNA expression of two α-subunit isoforms of Na+, K+-ATPase (α1a and α1b) and NKCC co-transporters were studied in their gill tissue. In all three weight groups, the mRNA levels for the α1a isoforms decreased following BW exposure, whereas α1b levels significantly increased in 15g and 25g groups. In addition, NKCC gene expression were significantly higher in the groups of BW than FW in 15g and 25g weights (P<0.05). The reciprocal expression of Na+, K+-ATPase isoforms (α1a and α1b) during salinity acclimation suggests that they may have different roles in the gill of FW and BW fishes; ion uptake in FW and ion secretion in BW. In conclusion, in the Caspian salmon, between parrs with the same age, the group with the weight of 15g possesses better compatibility with BW than to other groups. After reaching to 25g, fish passed smoltification and they became more compatible with the FW environment and maybe lost its osmoregulation ability in saline or brackish water.
Keywords
Caspian Salmon
Na+-K+ pump
Osmoregulation
Arnesen, A.M., Johnsen, H.K., Mortensen, A. and Jobling, Acclimation of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts to cold sea water following direct transfer from freshwater. Aquaculture. M.,1998; 168: 351-367.
Bystriansky, J.S., Richard, J.G., Schulte, P.M. and Ballantyne, J.S.Reciprocal expressionof gill Na+, K+-ATPase α-subunit isoforms α1a and α1b during seawater acclimation of three salmonid fishes that vary in their salinity tolerance. J. Exp. Biol., 2006;209: 1848-1858.
Cutler, C.P. and Cramb, G.Two isoforms of the NKCC cotransporter are expressed in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla). Biochim. Biophys. Acta., 2002; 1566, 92-103.
D,Cotta, H., Valotaire, C., Le Gac, F. and Prunet, P.Synthesis of gill Na+,K+-ATPase in Atlantic salmon smolts: differences in alpha-mRNA and alpha-protein levels. Am. J. Phys., 2000; 278: R101-R110.
Evans, D.H., Piermarini, P.M. and Choe, K.P.The multifunctional fish gill: dominant site of gas exchange, osmoregulation, acid-base regulation and excretion of nitrogenous waste. Physiol. Rev., 2005;85: 97-177.
Frost, P. and Nilsen, F.Validation of reference genes for transcription profiling in the salmon louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, by quantitative realtime PCR. Veterin. Parasit., 2003; 118: 168-174.
Hirata, T., Kaneko, T., Ono, T., Nakazato, T., Furukawa, N., Hasegawa, S., Wakabayashi, S., Shigekawa, M., Chang, M. and Romero, M.F., Mechanism of acid adaptation of a fish living in a pH 3.5 lake. Am. J. Phys., 2003; 248: R1199-R1212.
Hoar, W.S.The physiology of smolting salmonids: in fish physiology, Edt: Hoar & Randall: Vol.xl. partB. The physiology of developing fish. Academic Press. Inc. 1988; 285-315.
Khodabandeh, S., Khoshnood, Z. and Mosafer, S.Immunolocalization of Na+, K+-ATPase -rich cells in the gill and urinary system of Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus, fry. Aquac. Res., 2009a; 40: 329-336.
Khodabandeh, S., Mosafer, S. and Khoshnood, Z. Effects of cortisol and salinity acclimation onNa+, K+, 2Cl cotransporter gene expression and Na+,K+-ATPase activity in the gill of Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus, fry. Sci. Mar., 2009b;73S1: 111-116.
Kiabi, B.H., Abdoli, A. and Naderi, M.Status of fish fauna in the south Caspian basin of Iran. Zool. Middle. East, 1999; 18: 57-65.
Kiilerich, P., Kristiansen, K. and Madsen, S.S.Cortisol regulation of ion transporter mRNA in Atlantic salmon gill and the effect of salinity on the signaling pathway. J. Endocr., 2007; 194: 417-427.
Lin, Y.M., Chen, C.N. and Lee, T.H. The expression of gill Na+,K+-ATPase in milkfish, Chanos chanos, acclimated to seawater, brackish water and freshwater. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 2003; 135: 489-497.
Lorin-Nebel, C., Boulo, V., Bodinier, C. and Charmantier, G.The Na+,K+,2Cl- cotransporter in the sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax during ontogeny: involvement in osmoregulation. J. Exp. Biol., 2006; 209: 4908-4922.
Madsen, S S., Jensen, M.K., Nohr, J. and Kristiansen, K.Expression of Na+,K+-ATPase in brown trout Salmo trutta: in vivo modulation by hormones and sea water. Am. J. Phys., 1995; 269: R1339-R1345.
McCormick, S.D. and Saunders, R.L.Preparatory physiological adaptation for marine life of salmonids. Osmoregulation, growth, and metabolism. Am. Fisheries. Soci. Symp., 1987; 1: 211-229.
McCormick, S.D.Hormonal control of gill Na+,K+-ATPase and chloride cell function. Cellular and Molecular Approaches to Fish Ionic Regulaion. Fish. Phys., 1995; 14: 285-307.
Nance, J.M., Bornancin, M., Sola, F., Boeuf, G. and Dutil, J.D.Study of transbranchial Na+ exchange in Salmo salar smolt and post-smolts directly transferred to sea water. Comp. Biochem. Phys., 1990; 96: 303-308.
Niksirat, H. and Abdoli, A.The status of the critically endangered Caspian brown trout, Salmo trutta caspius, during recent decades in the southern Caspian Sea Basin. Zool. Middle. East., 2009; 46: 55-60.
Nilsen, T.O., Ebbesson, L.O.E., Madsen, S.S., McCormick, S.D., Andersson, E., Bjornsson, B. Th. Prunet, P. and Stefansson, S.O.Differential expression of gill Na+, K+-ATPase α1a and α1b subunits, Na+, K+, 2Cl– cotransporter and CFTR anion channel in juvenile anadromous and landlocked Atlantic salmon Salmo salar. J. Exp. Biol., 2007; 210: 2885-2896.
Pagliarani, A., Ventrella, V., Ballestrazzi, R., Trombetti, F., Pirini, M. and Trigari, G.Salinity-dependence of the properties of gill (Na++ K+) ATPase in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Comp. Biochem. Phys., 1991; 100: 229-236.
Pelis, R.M. and McCormick, S.D.Effects of Growth Hormone and Cortisol on Na+,K+,2Cl- Cotransporter Localization and Abundance in the Gills of Atlantic Salmon. Gen. Comp. Endocr.,2001; 124: 134-143.
Pelis, R.M., Zydlewski, J. and McCormick, S.D.Gill Na+/K+ 2Cl- cotransporter abundance and location in Atlantic salmon: Effects of seawater and smolting. Am. j. physiol., 2001; 280: R1844-R1852.
Rajabi, H. and Khodabandeh, S. Osmoregulation Ability in Different Sizes of Caspian Trout (Salmo trutta caspius) Parrs, with the Same Age, Following Direct Transfer from Fresh Water to the Caspian Sea Water. J. Agr. Sci. Tech., 2013; 15: 279-292.
Reuss, L., Wills, N.K. and Lewis, S.A.Epithelial transport proteins, in Nancy, K., Wills, N.K., Reuss, S.A., L., Lewis, S.A. (Eds), epithelial transport: A Guide to methods and experimental analysis, Chapman and Hall. 1996; 21-49.
Richards, J.G., Semple, J.W., Bystrainsky, J.S. and Schulte, P.M. Na+/K+ ATPase α-isoform switching in gills of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during salinity transfer. J. Exp. Biol., 2003; 206: 4475-4486.
Robert, R.S.Encyclopedia of aquaculture. Wiley-Interscience Publication. UK 2000; 880 P.
Scott, G.R., Claiborne, J.B., Edwards, S.L., Schulte, P.M. and Wood, C.M.Gene expression after freshwater transfer in gills and opercular epithelia of killifish: insight into divergent mechanisms of ion transport. J. Exp. Biol., 2004; 208: 2719-2729.
Scott, G.R. and Schutt, P.M.Intraspecific varation in gene expression after seawater transfer in gills of the euryhaline killifish Fundulus heteroclitus. Comp. Biochem. Phys., 2005; 141: 176-182.
Seidelin, M., Madsen, S.S., Blenstrup, H. and Tipsmark, C.K.Time-course changes in the expression of Na+,K+-ATPase in gills and pyloric caeca of brown trout (Salmo trutta) during acclimation to seawater. Phys. Biochem. Zool., 2000; 73: 446-453.
Shrimpton, J.M., Patterson, D.A., Richards, J.G., Cooke, S.J., Schulte, P.M., Hinch, S.  G. and Farrell, A.P.Ionoregulatory changes in different populations of maturing sockey salmon Oncorhynchus nerka during ocean and river migration. J. Exp. Biol., 2005; 208: 4069-478.
Singer, T.D., Finstad, B., McCormick, S.D., Wiseman, S.B., Schuate, P.M. and Scott McKinley, R.Interactive effects of cortisol treatment and ambient seawater challenge on gill Na+,K+-ATPase and CFTR expression in two strains of Atlantic Salmon smolts. Aquaculture., 2002; 222: 15-28.
Tipsmark, C.K., Madsen, S.S., Seidelin, M., Christensen, A.S., Cutler, C.P. and Cramb, G.Dynamics of Na+K+2Cl- cotransporter and Na+,K+-ATPase expression in the branchial epithelium of brown trout (Salmo trutta) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). J. Exp. Zool., 2002; 293: 106-118.
Wilson, J.M., Laurent, P., Tufts, B.L., Benos, D.J., Donowitz, M., Vogl, A.M. and Randall, D.J. NaCl uptake by the branchial epithelium in freshwater teleost fish: an immunological approach to ion-transport protein localization. J. Exp. Biol., 2000; 203: 2279-2296.
Wood, C.M. and Marshall, W.S.Ion balance, Acid-base regulation and choloride cell function in the common killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus an euryhaline estuarine teleosts. Estauries., 1994; 17: 34-52.
ECOPERSIA
Volume 2, Issue 1 - Serial Number 7
March 2014
Pages 499-512