Factors Influencing the Invasion of the Alien Ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi Development in the Southern Caspian Sea

Authors
A. Roohi 1
R. Pourgholam 1
A. Ganjian Khenari 1
A. Kideys 2
A. Sajjadi 3
R. Abdollahzade Kalantari 4
1 Assistant Professor, Caspian Sea Research Institute of Ecology, Sari, Iran
2 Professor, Institute of Marine Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Mersin, Turkey
3 Assistant Professor, Islamic Azad University, Rasht Branch, Rasht, Iran
4 MSc. Student, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Mnemiopsis leidyi population activities first were recorded during the coastal observations in 2001 in which its population considerably increased afterward and now sustained the southern Caspian Sea. Maximum summer-autumn M. leidyi abundance was recorded in euphotic layer in 2002 (851±85 ind.m-3) and maximum biomass was in 2001 with 48.1±14.4 g.m-3) while minimum were in aphotic layer. In years 2003 to 2011, M. leidyi abundance and biomass sharply declined to 1-843 ind.m-3 and 0.07-37.7 g.m-3, respectively. The length-frequency distribution of Mnemiopsis showed larval, juveniles and transitional stages that made up 98.6% of the total population. In the southern Caspian Sea, Acartia tonsa was the highest number of mesozooplankton species (36 species) which decreased tenfold after Mnemiopsis invasion during 2001-2010. Fecundity experiments of Mnemiopsis showed the average of 8 eggs. day-1, with a maximum of 35 eggs.day-1which increased with increasing body length. The main food was larger amounts of zooplankton prey such as copepodites and adult of A. tonsa. It seems the sharp decreased of Mnemiopsis abundance could be related the decreasing of ova reproduction; and food ability is the main reasons of M. leidyi sustained in the southern Caspian Sea. The objective of present study was to provide information about parameters influencingthe M. leidyi decreased after initial bloom invasion in the southern Caspian Sea.
Keywords
Caspian sea
Diet
Mnemiopsis leidyi
Ova reproduction
Zooplankton
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ECOPERSIA
Volume 1, Issue 3 - Serial Number 5
September 2013
Pages 299-313