Phytochemistry of Prangos ferulacea (L.) Lindl. in one of the Habitats of Zagros Mountain

Authors
R. Safaeian 1
G. Amin 2
H. Azarnivand 3
1 Shiraz University, Shiraz
2 Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
3 Tehran University, Karaj
Abstract
Prangos ferulacea (L.) Lindl. (Umbelliferae family) is a dominant species in the some partial of habitats in Zagros Mountains. According to ethno-botanical studies, this plant is one of the best range plants of Iran. Local ranchers collect green Prangos while it is toxic. They then dry the plant and use it to feed their livestock, especially in winter season. This research done to analyse the changes in the chemical composition of Pr. ferulacea with the effects of time, location and type of secondary metabolisms. Therefore, the ingredients and amounts of the essential oils of Prangos were studied during the growing and flowering stages (in both green/fresh and dried forms) to track such changes. The results showed that the amounts of terpinolene, β-phellandrene and bornyl acetate were decreased in the dried form, and some of the harmful components, such as α-pinene, β-pinene, myrcen and delta-3-carene, were absent, rendering the plant non-toxic. These results confirm the opinion of the ranchers. In the growing stage, the amount of coumarin was significantly less than in the flowering stage, which also supports the conduct of the local ranchers who gather the plants at the most appropriate time.
Keywords
Chemical compounds
Ethno-botany
Iran
Phytochemistry
Pr. ferulacea (L.) lindl
Zagros
Ahrar, M. Prangos Importance in Animal Husbandry. Reports of second conference experts range of country. Shiraz. Forest and Rangeland Research Institute. 1970; 107 P.
Alikhah, M., Azarnivand, H., Arzani, H., Jafari, M. and Zare chahoki, M.A. The relationship between the palatability and the quality of some foliage. J. Rangel., 2008; 10: 246-258.
Amiri, H. Essential oil variation of Pr. ferulacea (L.)Lindl. in different stage of plant growth. Journal of Medicinal Plants. 2007; 21, 36-41.
Budavari, S. The Merck Index. 12th Ed, Merck & Co. INC, U.S.A. 1996; 648 P.
Clavarno, M. Examination of medicinal oils by means of partition chromatography in vapor phase. Journal of Essenze Dervin Agrumari. 1958; 20: 107-118.
Eshbakova, K.A., Saidkhodzhaev, A.I., Baser, K.H.C., Duman, H., Vdovin A.D. and Abdullaev, N.D. Furocoumarins from Prangos ferulaceae (L.) Lindl.. Journal of Chem. Nat. Compd., 2006; 42: 101-103.
Hoseini, F. and Malekpour B. Importance of studying medicinal plants and the role of essential oils (Prangos, Ferula). Conference on Natural Resources and Sustainable Development in Caspian Sea Areas. Azad Nour University. 2006. 12 P.
Jaimand, K. and Rezai, M. Essential oils, instruments distillation and retention indices. Press Association of Medicinal Plants. 2006; 350 P.
Mirza, M., Sefidkon, F. and Ahmadi, L. Natural essential oils. Forest and Rangeland Research Institute. 1996; 11-14, 19-24, 32, 41, 64. 205 P.
Moghimi, J. Prangos sp. Suitable species for improvement of mountainous rangeland. Journal of Forest and Rangeland. 2005; 61: 60-67.
Moini Naghani, L. Identification chemical composition in essential oils of Citrus medica L. Var. Cedrate. PhD Thesis, Islamic Azad University. 2006; 237 P.
Moon, DG. and Mizutanil, F. Relationship between fruit shape and acid control in different parts of Citrus fruit. J. Jpn. Soc. for Hortic. Sci., 2002; 71: 56- 58.
Mozafarian, V. Plants of Umbelliferae Family in Iran, Identification and Distribution Key. Forests and Rangeland Research Institute. 1983; 85 P.
Nazari, A. An investigation on phytochemistry and Coumarin extraction of Pr.asperula. PhD thesis of Tehran University. 2001; 175 P.
Razavi, S.M., H. Nazemiyeh, A. Delazar, R. Hajiboland, R., Mukhlesur, S. Gibbons, L. Nahar and Sarker, S.D. Coumarins from the aerial parts of Pr. uloptera (Apiaceae). Brazilian J. Pharmacogn., 2008; 18: 1-5.
Sagun, E., Nazemiyeh, H., Hajiboland, R., Kumarasamy, Y., Delazar, A., Nahar, L. and Sarker, S.D. Antibacterial activities of the extracts of some herbs used in turkish herby cheese against listeria monocytogenes serovars. International J. of Food Properties. 2006; 9: 255-260.
Sefidkon, F. Study essential oils composition of aerial parts and seed of Pr. ferulacea. J. IMAPR. 2000; 5: 47-60.
Tayebi Khorami, M. Rangeland types of Eghlid area. Project of identification of ecological areas of country. Forest and Rangeland Research Institute. 2006; 219 P.