Volume 6, Issue 1 (2018)
ECOPERSIA 2018, 6(1): 55-66 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Pourkhabbaz H, Hedayatzadeh F, Cheraghi M. Determination of Heavy Metals Concentration at Water Treatment Sites in Ahwaz and Mollasani Using Bioindicator. ECOPERSIA 2018; 6 (1) :55-66
URL: http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-14719-en.html
URL: http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-14719-en.html
1- Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Iran , pourkhabbaz@bkatu.ac.ir
2- Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
2- Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
Abstract: (8125 Views)
Aims: Karun River, which is the largest river in Iran, represents a unique ecosystem. However, increased anthropogenic activities result in the formation of this river is seriously affected by a large range of pollutants especially the heavy metal pollutants which may be toxic to human and aquatic fauna. Therefore, there is a need for continuous monitoring of pollution levels in the river.
Materials & Methods: In this study, water, sediment, and algae samples were collected from six different stations along the course of the river in September 2015 to investigate the quality of Karun’s River in terms of heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cr, and Cd) at the basin of drinking water treatment in Ahwaz and Mollasani cities. After drying and digestion of samples, heavy metal concentrations were determined using an atomic absorption spectrophotometry (Perkin Elmer-Analyst 300).
Findings: The highest concentration of trace metals was found in sediment samples with Zn having the highest mean concentration values in all stations. The heavy metal concentrations in the downstream indicated an increase in the pollution load due to the flow of water from upstream to downstream of the river resulted in the movement and accumulation of all contaminants to the river in the downstream; hence, there was the highest concentration
of metals in basin of the Kut Abdollah treatment (downstream) and the lowest in Mollasani (upstream).
Conclusion: Comparison of the concentration of metals in the sediments with some universal standards including EPA3050 and the criterion of sediments quality standard from NOAA and Canadian Environment Agency showed that the concentration of chromium and cadmium in stations was higher than the allowable limit of EPA3050 standards and some environmental standards of Canada among all metals. Since algae samples have been able to accumulate a significant amount of heavy metals, therefore, these are suitable bio-indicators to determine the concentration of heavy metals in this aquatic ecosystems.
Materials & Methods: In this study, water, sediment, and algae samples were collected from six different stations along the course of the river in September 2015 to investigate the quality of Karun’s River in terms of heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cr, and Cd) at the basin of drinking water treatment in Ahwaz and Mollasani cities. After drying and digestion of samples, heavy metal concentrations were determined using an atomic absorption spectrophotometry (Perkin Elmer-Analyst 300).
Findings: The highest concentration of trace metals was found in sediment samples with Zn having the highest mean concentration values in all stations. The heavy metal concentrations in the downstream indicated an increase in the pollution load due to the flow of water from upstream to downstream of the river resulted in the movement and accumulation of all contaminants to the river in the downstream; hence, there was the highest concentration
of metals in basin of the Kut Abdollah treatment (downstream) and the lowest in Mollasani (upstream).
Conclusion: Comparison of the concentration of metals in the sediments with some universal standards including EPA3050 and the criterion of sediments quality standard from NOAA and Canadian Environment Agency showed that the concentration of chromium and cadmium in stations was higher than the allowable limit of EPA3050 standards and some environmental standards of Canada among all metals. Since algae samples have been able to accumulate a significant amount of heavy metals, therefore, these are suitable bio-indicators to determine the concentration of heavy metals in this aquatic ecosystems.
Article Type: Original Research |
Subject:
Aquatic Ecology
Received: 2018/07/6 | Accepted: 2017/12/12 | Published: 2018/03/30
Received: 2018/07/6 | Accepted: 2017/12/12 | Published: 2018/03/30
References
1. Hamidi Z. Measure and compare concentration of mercury, arsenic, cobalt, cadmium, vanadium, lead, total oil (TPH) and organochlorine pesticides in fish muscle some Horolazim wetland [Dissertation]. Ahwaz: Islamic Azad University of Ahwaz; 2010; pp. 39-45. [Persian] [Link]
2. Sartaj M, elahi¬ Dehkordi F, Fillyzadeh Y. An Investigation of the evolution of distribution and accumulation of heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Cd, Zn and Pb) in Anzali Wetland's Sediments. J Nat Environ. 2005;58(3):623-34. [Persian] [Link]
3. Peng JF, Song YH, Yuan P, Cui XY, Qiu GL. The remediation of heavy metals contaminated sediment. J Hazard Mater. 2009;161(2-3):633-40. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.04.061]
4. Wen C, Kao CM, Chen CF, Dong CD. Distribution and accumulation of heavy metals in sediments of Caohsiung harbour, Taiwan. Chemospher. 2007;66(8):1431-40. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.09.030]
5. Dehghan Madise S, Sabzalizadeh S, Esmaili F, Kianersi F. Investigation of sediments heavy metal concentration (Zn, Ni, Pb, Co, Cd, Cu) in Bahmanshir River by voltammetry method. Third National Conference on Environmental problems and Ways to Improve them in Iran. Ahwaz: Islamic Azad University of Ahwaz. 2006. [Persian] [Link]
6. Van Netten C, Hoption Cann SA, Morley DR, Van Netten JP. Elemental and radioactive analysis of commercially available seaweed. Sci Total Environ. 2000;255(1-3):169-75. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/S0048-9697(00)00467-8]
7. Babai H, Khodaparast SH, Mirzajani A, Nickseresht K. Investigation on environmental pollution of heavy metals in Gamasiab River. National Conference on Human, Environment and Sustainable Development. Hamadan: Islamic Azad University of Hamadn; 2010. pp. 18-9. [Persian] [Link]
8. Kamarehei B, Mirhosseini SH, Jafari A, Asgari Gh, Bierjandi M, Rostami Z. Study of heavy metal concentration (As, Ba, Cd, Hg, Pb, Cr) in water resources and river of Borujerd city in 2008-2009. Yafte. 2010;11(4):45-51. [Persian] [Link]
9. Ho HH, Swennen R, Cappuyns V, Vassilieva E, Neyens G, Rajabali M, et al. Assessment on pollution by heavy metals and arsenic based on surficial and core sediments in the Cam River-mouth, Haiphong province,Vietnam. Soil Sediment Contam Int J. 2013;22(4):415-32. [Link] [DOI:10.1080/15320383.2013.733445]
10. Riyahi A, Esmaeeli A, Savari A. Determination of heavy metals (Ni, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cu and Cd) water, sediments and fish Karuon River (1993-1994). J Nat Environ. 1999;52(2):37-46. [Persian] [Link]
11. Sadani Pour S, Alavi Nasab MS. Study the effect wastewater soap factory Khorramshahr on Karoon River water quality and Dehkord. J Environ Sci Eng. 2010;0(49):43-9. [Persian] [Link]
12. Cenci RM, Martin JM. Concentration and fate of trace metals in Mekong River Delta. Sci Total Environ. 2004;332(1-3):167-82. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.01.018]
13. Islam S, Ahmed K, Raknuzzaman M, Al-Mamun H, Kamrul Islam M. Heavy metal pollution in surface water and sediment: A preliminary assessment of an urban river in a developing country. Ecol Indic. 2015;48:282-91. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.08.016]
14. Yap CK, Ismail A, Tan SG, Omar H. Correlations between speciation of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in sediment and their concentrations in total soft tissue of green-lipped mussel Perna viridis from the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Environ Int. 2002;28(1-2):117-26. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/S0160-4120(02)00015-6]
15. Rajendran K, SampathKumar P, Govindasamy C, Ganesan M, Kannan R, Kannan L. Levels of the trace metal (Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn) in some Indian seaweeds. Mar Pollut Bull. 1993;26(5):283-5. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/0025-326X(93)90070-Z]
16. EllsyaAngeline Rawar, Abdul Rohman. Validation of atomic absorption spectrophotometry and mercury analyzer for analysis of cadmium, lead and mercury in red chili pepper. Asian J Agric Res. 2016;10(1):65-71. [Link] [DOI:10.3923/ajar.2016.65.71]
17. Helling D, Rothe P, Forstner U, Stoffers P. Sediments and environmental geochemistry: Selected aspects and case histories. Berlin: Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 2011. [Link]
18. Persaud D, Jaagumagi R, Hayton A. Guidelines for the protection and management of aquatic sediment quality in Ontario. Ontario: Ministry of the Environment and Energy (MEE);1993. p. 23. Available from: https://www.itrcweb.org/contseds-bioavailability/References/guide_aquatic_sed93.pdf. [Link]
19. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Screening Quick Reference Tables for in Sediment [Internet]. Silver Spring: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; 2009 [cited 2018 Mar]. Available from: https://response.restoration.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/SQuiRTs.pdf . [Link]
20. Mac Donald DD, Ingersoll CG, Berger TA. Development and evaluation of consensus-based sediment quality guidelines for freshwater ecosystems. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2000;39(1):20-31. [Link] [DOI:10.1007/s002440010075]
21. Rajaei Q, Hasanpour M, Mehdinejad MH. Heavy metals concentration (Zinc, Lead, Chrome and Cadmium) in water and sediments of Gorgan Gulf and estuarine Gorganroud River. Health Syst Res. 2012;8(5):748-56. [Persian] [Link]
22. Hani A, Zamani Noori Z. Distribution of heavy metals Cadmium, Lead, Manganese, Zinc and Nickel in the industrial city of Saveh. Environ Geol. 2010;10(4):99-108. [Link]
23. Rezvani M, Ghorbanian AA, Nojavan M, Sahba M. The evaluation of heavy metal pollution (Cadmium, cobalt, lead, zinc and manganese) in the aquifer Eshtehard. J Environ Sci Eng. 2014;1(1):13-21. [Persian] [Link]
24. Hosseinian M. Wastewater treatment practical method. Publisher location unknown: Publisher unknown;1981; p. 237. [Persian] [Link]
25. Madadiniya M, Monavari SM, Karbasi A, Nabavi SMB, Rajabzadeh E. Study on water quality of Karun river (Ahwaz region) using water quality index. J Environ Sci Technol. 2014;16(1):49-60. [Persian] [Link]
26. Baba Ahmadi M, Babaei A, Ahmadi Moghaddam M. Estimation of organic load and nutrients from Sewage of urban entering a river Karun In the range of Ahwaz and compare them concentration with environmental organization standard. First National Conference Protection of Wetlands and Aquatic Ecosystems. Ahwaz: Islamic Azad University of Ahwaz; 2013. [Persian] [Link]
27. Jafarzadeh haghighifard N, Maraghi Sh, Maraashi Sh, Moubed P. A study the bacteria and physiochemical parameters in Ahwaz refinery intakes. Jundishapur Sci Med. 2007;6(2):226-34. [Persian] [Link]
28. Abdollahi S. The effects of mercury, lead and cadmium on aquatic organisms Karun River and Human consumption of this aquatics [Dissertation]. Ahwaz: Islamic Azad University of Ahwaz; 2005. [Persian] [Link]
29. Massaro EJ. Handbook of human toxicology. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 1997. [Link]
30. Wuana RA, Okieimen FE. Heavy metals in contaminated soils: A review of sources, chemistry, risks and best available strategies for remediation. ISRN Ecol. 2011;2011:402647. [Link]
31. Karbasi M, Karbasi E, Sarami A, Ghorbanizadeh Kharrazi H. Determination of heavy metals concentration in drinking water resources of Aleshtar in 2009. Yafteh. 2010;12(1):65-70. [Persian] [Link]
32. Esmaeeli Sari A. Pollution health and environmental standards. Tehran: Naghshe Mehr; 2002. p. 737. [Persian] [Link]
33. Luo W, Lu Y, Wang T, Hu W, Jiao W, Naile JE, et al. Ecological risk assessment of arsenic and metals in sediments of coastal areas of northern Bohai and Yellow Seas, China. AMBIO. 2010;39(5-6):367-75. [Link] [DOI:10.1007/s13280-010-0077-5]
34. Eggleton J, Thomas KV. A review of factors affecting the release and bioavailability of contaminants during sediments disturbance events. Environ Int. 2004;30(7):973-80. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.envint.2004.03.001]
35. Pourkhabbaz HR, Hedayatzadeh F, Cheraghi M. Evaluation of the correlation between heavy metals in Chaetomorpha sp. and water and sediment in the pond drinking water treatment plants in karoon river area. Oceanography. 2016;7(27):69-78. [Persian] [Link]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |