Volume 11, Issue 3 (2023)
ECOPERSIA 2023, 11(3): 241-253 |
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Karim B, Rezaei M, Bahramifar N, Naghdi S. The comparison of some ecofriendly and conventional methods of extracting common kilka oil in terms of quantity and quality. ECOPERSIA 2023; 11 (3) :241-253
URL: http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-69802-en.html
URL: http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-69802-en.html
1- Department of Seafood processing, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 46414-356, Noor, Iran, M. Sc.
2- Department of Seafood processing, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 46414-356, Noor, Iran, Ph.D. ,rezai_ma@modares.ac.ir
3- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 46414-356, Noor, Iran, Ph.D.
2- Department of Seafood processing, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 46414-356, Noor, Iran, Ph.D. ,
3- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 46414-356, Noor, Iran, Ph.D.
Abstract: (990 Views)
Aim: The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effectiveness of various extraction techniques, namely supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2), ultrasound, and enzymatic methods, in comparison to the conventional wet reduction method, in terms of oil yield, quality attributes, and fatty acid composition in common kilka oil.
Materials & Methods: Mentioned methods were used to extract fish oil. Then, their quality oxidation, including PV, TBA, FFA, and CD, and fatty acid composition were evaluated.
Findings: The study's findings revealed that the SC-CO2 extraction method exhibited the most favorable outcome in terms of extraction yield, achieving a remarkable rate of 89.6%. The lowest oxidation indexes including PV (1.78 ± 0.19 mmol.kg-1), TBA (0.54 ± 0.03 mg MA.kg-1), FFA (35.49 ± 0.52 mg FFA.g TAG-1), and CD (7.61 ± 0.34 %) was found in oil extracted with SC-CO2 method. The fatty acid profile of oil extracted by SC-CO2 exhibited higher polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) (29.81 ± 0.27) and lower saturated fatty acid (SFA) (27.64 ± 0.20) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) (34.78 ± 0.67) than those obtained by the other extraction methods (p > 0.05). The n-3/n-6, PUFA/SFA, and EPA + DHA/C16 ratios were higher for oil extracted by SC-CO2 than the other three methods. Conclusion: The common kilka oil, extracted through supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2), can be regarded as an abundant source of crucial polyunsaturated fatty acids belonging to the n-3 series.
Materials & Methods: Mentioned methods were used to extract fish oil. Then, their quality oxidation, including PV, TBA, FFA, and CD, and fatty acid composition were evaluated.
Findings: The study's findings revealed that the SC-CO2 extraction method exhibited the most favorable outcome in terms of extraction yield, achieving a remarkable rate of 89.6%. The lowest oxidation indexes including PV (1.78 ± 0.19 mmol.kg-1), TBA (0.54 ± 0.03 mg MA.kg-1), FFA (35.49 ± 0.52 mg FFA.g TAG-1), and CD (7.61 ± 0.34 %) was found in oil extracted with SC-CO2 method. The fatty acid profile of oil extracted by SC-CO2 exhibited higher polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) (29.81 ± 0.27) and lower saturated fatty acid (SFA) (27.64 ± 0.20) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) (34.78 ± 0.67) than those obtained by the other extraction methods (p > 0.05). The n-3/n-6, PUFA/SFA, and EPA + DHA/C16 ratios were higher for oil extracted by SC-CO2 than the other three methods. Conclusion: The common kilka oil, extracted through supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2), can be regarded as an abundant source of crucial polyunsaturated fatty acids belonging to the n-3 series.
Article Type: Original Research |
Subject:
Aquatic Ecology
Received: 2023/06/13 | Accepted: 2023/08/28 | Published: 2023/09/19
Received: 2023/06/13 | Accepted: 2023/08/28 | Published: 2023/09/19
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