Tarbiat Modares University (TMU) ECOPERSIA 2322-2700 4 2 2016 06 01 The Effect of Forest Road Distance on Forest Fire Severity (Case Study: Fires in the Neka County Forestry) 1331 1342 17170 EN Seyed Ata Ollah Hosseini Associate Professor of Forestry and Forest Economics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Masoud Esmaeili Sharif Isfahan Research Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources, Isfahan, Iran Mohammad Amoozad Forest, Range and Watershed Administration, Sari District, Sari, Iran Korosh Shirani Associate Professor at Isfahan Research Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources, Isfahan, Iran Mohsen Gorgandipour M.Sc. Student of Forest Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Journal Article The effect of forest roads on the extent and type of fire damage occurred in forests and rangelands of the Neka County in Mazandaran province was investigated. For this purpose, all fire spots, stand number, percentage and type of injury and damage to tree species, and average diameter at breast height (DBH) were noted with 100% inventory; area and geographic location of access roads were determined using GPS. The results showed that distance from the main access road had a significant correlation with the area of fire spots, but no significant correlation existed between the distance from the strip roads, skid ways, town of Neka and the area of fire spots. The factors influencing fire severity were analyzed using the stepwise regression model. Model also showed that just the distance from the main access road affected the area of fire spots. For every one meter increase in the distance from the main access roads, the area of fire spot was increased by 1.545 m2. Further, the extent of fire can be controlled by reducing the distance from the main access roads.

https://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article_17170_f74b6a56785817c3ea2562ae7fda9c56.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University (TMU) ECOPERSIA 2322-2700 4 2 2016 06 01 Comparison of Landform Classifications of Elevation, Slope, Relief and Curvature with Topographic Position Index in the South of Bojnoord 1343 1357 17171 EN Marzieh Mokarram Assistant Professor, Department of Range and Watershed Management, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources,, Shiraz University, Darab, Iran Majid Hojati M.Sc. Student of Remote Sensing and GIS, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article The aim of the study is the classification of landform based on elevation, slope, relief and curvature inputs (old method) and topographic position index (TPI) (new method) in the south of Bojnoord. The input data for the two methods is a digital elevation model (DEM). The results of topographic position index (TPI) model showed that most area of landform were covered by class 5 (plains small) and the lowest area of landform was covered with open slope (class 6) (< 0.1%). The results of landform classification using elevation, slope, relief and curvature showed that the upper terraces (shoulder) were located in the many parts of the study area (green color). Plateau (back slope) landform was located in center, some parts of the west and south of the study area. In general, with increasing slope and elevation different types of landforms occur. Thus slope, elevation, relief and curvature are effective in preparing the landform classification map. The comparison of the two methods showed that the TPI method was more accurate because the method revealed more details.

https://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article_17171_ffb04b3fde58882155c0f560b7e20bea.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University (TMU) ECOPERSIA 2322-2700 4 2 2016 06 01 Using SWAT Model to Determine Runoff, Sediment Yield and Nitrate Loss in Gorganrood Watershed, Iran 1359 1377 17172 EN Samane Mahzari Former M.Sc Student, Department of Soil Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. Gorgan, Iran Farshad Kiani Assistant Professor, Department of Soil Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. Gorgan, Iran Mojgansadat Azimi Assistant Professor, Departmentof Range and Watershed Management, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran Farhad Khormali Professor, Department of Soil Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. Gorgan, Iran Journal Article The adequacy of the SWAT model in the estimation of runoff, sediment yield and nitrate loss in the Gorganrood watershed was tested, using the existing spatial database as the primary data. The model was then executed for a 31-years’ time period. In combination with the SWAT model, the Sequential Uncertainty Fitting Program (SWAT-CUP and SUFI-2) was added used to calibrate and validate a hydrologic model of the watershed. The obtained values at 14 stations were between 0.48 to 0.83 for NS and 0.58 to 0.90 for R2, respectively. The results showed that nitrate loss was higher in cultivated lands, and in the loess deposits. The maximum amounts of runoff and sediment yield were largely produced in steep areas of the watershed, where dry farming was practiced. In general, the results showed that SWAT could be a proper tool for simulating runoff, sediment yield and nitrate loss into the river.

https://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article_17172_51c9d0385c088de752dfb41cfa835a37.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University (TMU) ECOPERSIA 2322-2700 4 2 2016 06 01 Impact of Dominant Shrub Species on Soil Organic Matter Content in Dry Grassland Habitats 1379 1393 17173 EN Reza Erfanzadeh Associate Professor, Department of Rangeland Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran Behnam Bahrami MSc. Student, Department of Rangeland Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran Javad Motamedi Assistant Professor, Department of Rangeland Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran Javad Motamedi Assistant Professor, Department of Rangeland Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran Ghasem Ali Dianati Tilaki Associate Professor, Department of Rangeland Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran Mehdi Abedi Assistant Professor, Department of Rangeland Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran Journal Article The effects of dominant shrub species on soil organic matter (SOM), including total soil carbon (SC), total nitrogen (N) and particulate organic matter (POM) were studied in three stands differing in the type of shrub species, i.e. Astragalus microcephalus (shrub), Pteropyrum aucheri (shrub) and Prangus uloptera (non-shrub).The stands were located in arid grasslands of north-western Iran. For this purpose, 18 soil samples from each stand were systematic-randomly collected (by auger) from each depth of 0-15cm and15-30cm, along 6 transect in each stand.The results showed that the stands with the highest abundance of P. aucheriand A. microcephalushad the highest values for SC (0.99% and 0.98%) in both depths, and the highest values for N (0.13% and 0.12%), respectively. The highest POM percentage for carbon (0.24%) and nitrogen (0.03%) were observed in the stands with the highest abundance of A. microcephalus. The proportion of micro-aggregates (28.48%) was significantly higher than macro-aggregates (20.46%) in the upper soil layer of the stand with the highest abundance of A. microcephalus as compared to the others, while no significant difference detected in micro- and macro-aggregate contents of the lower soil layer between the stands. Therefore, the type of shrub species in the grassland communities had important effect on soil organic matter.

https://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article_17173_c1160f0432464eb6110ada4a0ac56917.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University (TMU) ECOPERSIA 2322-2700 4 2 2016 06 01 Soil Erosion under Simulated Rainfall in Loess Lands with Emphasis on Land-Use, Slope and Aspect 1395 1409 17174 EN Vahed Berdi Sheikh Associate Prof. Department of Watershed and Arid Land Management, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran Masoud Jafari Shalamzari Ph.D Candidate, Department of Watershed and Arid Land Management, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran Asghar Farajollahi Ph.D Candidate, Department of Watershed and Arid Land Management, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran Pouria Fazli M.Sc Graduate, Department of Watershed and Arid Land Management, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran Journal Article The runoff generation and soil erosion in the Kechik Watershed, Golestan Province, was assessed, using a designed and constructed portable rainfall simulator. Treatments were applied on different land-uses, slopes and aspects as the most influential factors. Results showed that land-use significantly affected runoff generation (13.35 l, 6.9 l, and 4.12 l, respectively for agriculture, forest and rangeland uses), however slope (7.7 l for Class I; 9.23 l for Class II) and aspect (8.52 l for the northern aspects; 8.32 l for the southern aspects) did not have significant influence. All factors, significantly altered sediment concentration (Agriculture 9.6 g l-1, forest 8.24 g l-1, and rangeland 5.26 g l-1; slope class I 6.6 g l-1 and slope class II 8.7 g l-1; northern aspect 8.7 g l-1, and southern aspect 6.9 g l-1). Agricultural fields generated the highest runoff and sediment under simulated rainfalls. Rangeland and forest did not have significant runoff generation and sediment concentration. Results showed that land-use management, especially in terms of agriculture, could not only hamper current erosion, but reduced further advancement of this encroaching phenomenon.

https://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article_17174_2d0d322f5fec1cda1b8b4c0020d61c37.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University (TMU) ECOPERSIA 2322-2700 4 2 2016 06 01 Risk Assessment and Environmental Geochemistry of Pb, Cu and Fe in Surface Sediments (Case Study: Hashilan Wetland, Kermanshah, Iran) 1411 1424 17175 EN Samar Mortazavi Assistant Professor, Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resource and Environmental Sciences, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran Behnaz Attaeian Assistant Professor, Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Natural Resource and Environmental Sciences, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran Shoayb Abdolkarimi M.Sc. Graduated, Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resource and Environmental Sciences, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran Journal Article The total concentration and percentage of heavy metals content in the sediment of Hashilan wetland, Kermanshah province, was assessed in summer 2015. The total concentrations of Cu, Pb, and Fe were around 18.57, 6.95 and 379.24 μg g-1, respectively. Successive extractions of the samples showed a decreasing trend as follows: residual>organic matter>iron and manganese oxides>exchangeable parts. The comparison of the total metal concentrations and SQGs and NOAA standards proposed high concentrations of Pb and Fe contents, while RAC suggested that Cu, Pb, and Fe had posed a low-moderate risk, low risk and no risk to the system, respectively. Furthermore, the results showed that the most common sources of Pb and Fe were natural while sources of Cu was anthropogenic. Continuous monitoring of the wetlands, particularly water inputs are recommended.

https://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article_17175_0d730fb2cb696e47fbbe4b2054b10de7.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University (TMU) ECOPERSIA 2322-2700 4 2 2016 06 01 Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Three Algae from Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea 1425 1435 17176 EN Mohammad Khezri Ph.D Students, Department of Seafood Processing, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran Masoud Rezaei Professor, Department of Seafood Processing, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran Sana Rabiey Ph.D Students, Department of Seafood Processing, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran Elham Garmsiri Former M.Sc. Student, Department of Seafood Processing, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran Journal Article The antibacterial and antioxidant activities of methanol and acetone extracts of three marine algae, including Hypnea hamulosa, Gracilaria corticata and Enteromorpha intestinalis wereinvestigated.Antioxidant activities were determined by means of total antioxidant capacity, total phenolic compounds, DPPH radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power. Antibacterial activity was determined using a paper disc diffusion method against pathogenic bacteria, including Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. Acetone extract of E. intestinalis showed the highest antioxidant activity and contained the highest phenolic compounds. The highest percentage of DPPH radical scavenging activity was observed in the methanol extract of H. hamulosa (p<0.05). The highest ferric reducing antioxidant power was observed in the methanol extract of Glacilaria (p<0.05). The strongest inhibition (p<0.05) against L. monocytogenes was shown by the methanol extract of E. intestinalis and the highest inhibition against B. subtilis and E. coli was observed in the acetone extract (p<0.05). In conclusion, E. intestinalis extracts showed favorable antioxidant and antibacterial activity suggesting its application in food and pharmacological industries.

https://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article_17176_68ff9c82826dcda9030b6b0990efc033.pdf