@article{ author = {Mirhasannia, S.D. and Akhoundian, M. and Taghavi, H.}, title = {Spatial and Temporal Distribution and Biomass Trend of Planktonic Green Microalgae (Chlorophyta) in Southeast of the Caspian Sea}, abstract ={Aims: Green algae (Chlorophyta), as a diverse group of algae, has almost omnipresent distribution in the Caspian Sea and plays an important role in ecosystem functioning. The aim of this study was to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution and biomass trend of planktonic green microalgae (Chlorophyta) in southeast of the Caspian Sea. Materials & Methods: This experimental study was performed by sampling water from south of the Caspian Sea in Mazandaran province during the winter 2015 and summer 2016. Water sampling was done along two half-lines perpendicular to the estuaries of "Tajan" and "Babolrood" rivers in 8 stations and 4 depths (less than 1, 5, 10, and 20 m) in the euphotic zone, at 8 stations along the linear transects. Settlement method was applied to the preserved samples in formaldehyde 4%, in order to the qualitative and quantitative analysis of phytoplankton. The biomass of Chlorophyta was calculated, using the geometric shape method. The data were statistically analyzed, using PRIMER 6 and SPSS 19 software and the diagrams were drawn by Excel 2013. Findings: Of total 29 identified Chlorophyta species, 28 species were present in the summer with the highest abundance of Chlorella sp. (1395×105±671×104 N/m3) and, 19 species were observed during the winter, with the highest abundance of Binuclearia sp. (456×105±155×104 N/m3). Binuclearia sp. also showed the highest biomass in both seasons. Conclusion: The diversity of Chlorophyta is influenced by seasonal variations. Estuaries are the richest stations in terms of abundance and biomass of planktonic Chlorophyta in summer.  }, Keywords = {Phytoplankton, Chlorophyta, Distribution, Biomass, Caspian Sea }, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-11}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-21606-en.html}, eprint = {http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-21606-en.pdf}, journal = {ECOPERSIA}, issn = {2322-2700}, eissn = {2538-2152}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {DehghaniBidgoli, R.}, title = {Essential oil Composition and Antioxidant Properties of Artemisia sieberi Besser in Two Enclosure and Grazed Sites at Three Phenological Stages}, abstract ={Aims: The use of plants for treatment and food returns to ancient times. This study was conducted to examine the essential oil composition and antioxidant activity of the essential oil of Artemisia sieberi Besser at 3 phenological stages and effect of grazing livestock on these properties. Materials & Methods: For this purpose, 5 shrubs from two sites (under grazing site and enclosure site) were selected randomly at 3 phenological stages. In laboratory operations, essential oil of the species was extracted in by SDE method. Findings: The results of GC/MS analysis indicated 45 compounds for grazed site with essential oil content 98.73%, and 42 compounds for enclosure site with essential oil content 98.54%. Also, α-tujune (21.63%), α-Pinene (19.53%), and Camphene (10.34%) were the main compounds in the enclosure site and α-tujune (23.70%), α-Pinene (20.33%), and Camphene (12.60%) were the main compounds in the grazed site. The results of screening antioxidant activity using two assays (DPPH and β-carotene-linoleic acid) showed that the free radical scavenging activity of essential oil (IC50 µg ml-1) in the first phenological stage (vegetative stage) was more than other phenological stages in two sites. Also, the inhibition of essential oil in the grazed sites had a significant difference with essential oil's inhibition in the enclosure site. Conclusions: Effect of grazing on the composition and properties of the essential oil of this species can be considered in the planning of livestock grazing management. We wish our future research on this plant leads to the finding of new natural antioxidant compounds.}, Keywords = {Essential oil, Phenological stages , GC-MS, Antioxidant activity, Artemisia }, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {13-20}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-15372-en.html}, eprint = {http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-15372-en.pdf}, journal = {ECOPERSIA}, issn = {2322-2700}, eissn = {2538-2152}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Sharifi-Rad, M.}, title = {Differential Effects of Four Abiotic Factors on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Rangeland-Medical Plant, Wild Mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.)}, abstract ={Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of drought stress induced by using polyethylene glycol (PEG), heavy metals (Cd and Ni), and salinity (NaCl) on germination and seedling growth of Sinapis arvensis, an important medicinal plant in the Brassicaceae. Materials & Methods: The Sinapis arvensis seeds treatments contained i), control ii), PEG (5%, 10%, 15%), iii) NaCl (50, 100, 150 mM), iv) Cd+2 (50, 100, 150μM), and v) Ni+2 (50, 100, 150μM). The experiment used a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates per treatment. The experiments were performed in a programmed incubator at 25±2oC. Seed germination was recorded every day for 16 days. The root and shoot lengths of seedlings were measured after 16 days of incubation. Then, the seedlings were dried and root and shoot dry weights were measured. Findings: The results showed that germination percentage reduced with increasing concentrations of the tested factors. The maximum germination (97%) was observed in PEG (5%) and the minimum germination rate was recorded in NaCl (150 mM) with 41%. The maximum of root and shoot lengths were recorded in PEG (5%) and Ni (100μM) with 59 and 73 mm, respectively. Results showed that the maximum root and shoot fresh and dry weights were recorded at Ni (100μM) treatment. Conclusion: Understanding plant responses to environmental stresses can help select suitable plants in order to obtain sustainable products. Overall, we can conclude that under aforementioned treatments, the root growth of S. arvensis was more affected than the shoot growth.  }, Keywords = {Germination, Seedling growth, Abiotic stress, Sinapis arvensis, Medical plant}, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {21-27}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-20800-en.html}, eprint = {http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-20800-en.pdf}, journal = {ECOPERSIA}, issn = {2322-2700}, eissn = {2538-2152}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Faraji, F. and Alijanpour, A. and SheidaiKarkaj, E. and Motamedi, J.}, title = {Effect of Fire and Rangeland Banqueting on Soil Carbon Sequestration in Atbatan Summer Rangelands, East Azerbaijan Province}, abstract ={Aims: In recent years, global warming has increased the importance of carbon sequestration. The present study was conducted to survey the effect of banqueting and fire on soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration in Atbatan rangelands of Bostanabad District. Materials & Methods: For this purpose, using systematic-random strategy, composite soil samples were taken from fire happened 2 years ago (in 2 aspects of east and west), banqueting constructed 25 years ago (in 2 aspects of north and south), and control sites. The SOC was measured and results were analyzed, using two-way ANOVA. Findings: On the contrary of interaction effect, the main effects of aspect and fire were significant on SOC. The SOC of the control site with 28.9 t/ha was higher than the fire site with 21.76 t/ha. The average SOC in the eastern aspect was higher than the western aspect as such the average amount of SOC in western and eastern aspects were 28.94 t/ha and 21.72 t/ha, respectively. Banqueting had an increasing significant effect on SOC, as such SOC of the treatment site was 34.47 t/ha compared to the control site with 22.21 t/ha. The SOC in the northern and southern aspects was not significantly different, and the SOC of southern and northern aspects equaled 28.45 t/ha and 28.23 t/ha, respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, according to the results of the study, the occurrence of fire in rangelands can reduce the amount of SOC. The rangeland banqueting increases the amount of SOC in both aspects.  }, Keywords = {Carbon Sequestration, Soil, Banqueting, Fire, Atbatan Rangelands }, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {29-37}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-25574-en.html}, eprint = {http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-25574-en.pdf}, journal = {ECOPERSIA}, issn = {2322-2700}, eissn = {2538-2152}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Jafari, E. and Karimi, A. and Hatami, A.}, title = {Presentation of Diversity, Life Forms, and Chorology of Plant Species in Galehdar Watershed (Fars Province, Iran)}, abstract ={Aims: Floristic survey of an area is a useful tool for identifying the biodiversity, particularly endemic, resistant, and endangered species. In the current study, plant species were classified to describe the flora of Galehdar watershed in Southern Fars Province. Materials & Methods: The environmental data including climate, geology, and topography characteristics were obtained from Iran Meteorological Organization (IMO), Geological Survey & Mineral Explorations of Iran (GSI), and National Cartographic Center (NCC), respectively. The specimens of the study area were collected, identified, and classified according to Raunkiaer's method and life-form class. Findings: The flora of study area includes 164 species belonging to 129 genera and 55 families, which most frequent species belong to Asteraceae (25 species), Papilionaceae (21 species), and Poaceae (11 species). Conclusion: The chorological studies indicated that 57.9%, 12.8%, and 29.3% of species belong to Irano-Turanian, Sahara-Seindian, and Irano-Turanian, Sahara-Seindian zone, respectively.}, Keywords = {Chorology, Flora, Plant Species, Life Form, Fars Province }, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {39-46}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-21326-en.html}, eprint = {http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-21326-en.pdf}, journal = {ECOPERSIA}, issn = {2322-2700}, eissn = {2538-2152}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Afshari, M. and Hashemi, S.S. and Attaeian, B.}, title = {Land Use Change Effect on Physical, Chemical, and Mineralogical Properties of Calcareous Soils in Western Iran}, abstract ={Aims: Todays, the change of range land to agricultural uses by unplanned and improper locations of water supply wells would be led to sever reduction of ground water level and subsequently fully land degradation. However, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of land use change on soil physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties. Materials & Methods: In this study, 9 soil profiles in Kangavar plain with range and different arable land uses were dug and described. Some properties of soil samples were determined, then, pedons classified to Inceptisols, Entisols, and Mollisols orders. Findings: The result showed that with land use change from range land to agriculture, content of soil clay reduces (from average 47.6% to 41.4%). With land use change of range to cropland properties including pH, organic matter and calcium carbonate equivalents contents decreased. The amount of soluble potassium in the surface horizons in range lands was more than arable land. In the cropland pedons, the amount of soluble sodium reduced compared to rangeland pedons. The results showed that land use change had no effect on clay minerals type, but changed those value. According to the results, in range land, illite and vermiculite percentage were greater than crop land soil pedons. The smectite content in arable land use more frequency than range land (data have significant difference at p< 0.05 level). Conclusion: It was concluded that long-term agriculture in study area induced to sever reduction of nutrient and consequently caused to soil degradation in whole plain.}, Keywords = {Macro-nutrient, Clay mineral, Soil texture }, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {47-57}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-20583-en.html}, eprint = {http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-20583-en.pdf}, journal = {ECOPERSIA}, issn = {2322-2700}, eissn = {2538-2152}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Zamanpoore, M. and Daremipouran, M.R. and Ghaed-Abdi, M.R. and Ahmadi, N.Kh.}, title = {Chemical and Physical Properties of Maharlu Salt Lake (Iran) Prior to an Extensive Drought}, abstract ={Aims: The ecology of Maharlu Lake is of great importance, especially in relation to the continuous addition of a reasonable volume of municipal and industrial effluents to it. To improve our knowledge about lake's ecology, mineral nutrients and heavy metal concentrations, among some other physical and chemical factors, are investigated. Materials & Methods: 3 stations were selected in the lake and critical factors were measured monthly from January 2000 to December 2001. Main physical and chemical properties included temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, CO2, conductivity, salinity, dissolved solids, and concentration of major ions, including carbonate and bicarbonate, phosphate, nitrite and nitrate, calcium and total hardness, chloride, and alkalinity, and heavy metals as Co, Cd, Pb, and Hg. Findings: Averages of pH, dissolved oxygen, salinity, electrical conductivity, and dissolved CO2 were 7.9, 2.9mgL-1, 290gL-1, 375mscm-1, 342mgL-1, and 63mgL-1, respectively. The highest concentrations of heavy metals were 23μgL-1 for As, 303μgL-1 for Co, 970μgL-1 for Cd, 8510μgL-1 for Pb, and 25μgL-1 for Hg. Conclusion: Essential factors of the lake are in accordance with the soil of the catchment area, but they are in many cases altered under local attributes like precipitation, irradiation, evaporation, and deposits, as well as living elements of the lake’s ecological network, as the consequences of activities of bacteria in biological processing of nitrogen and phosphorus, etc.  After this research, Maharlu Lake was totally dried up, never filled again. So, the results of this investigation can be regarded as the last record of the lake situation prior to its current complete drought condition.  }, Keywords = {Saline Lakes, Nutrients, Heavy Metals, Pollution, Fars Province }, volume = {7}, Number = {1}, pages = {59-67}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-22806-en.html}, eprint = {http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-22806-en.pdf}, journal = {ECOPERSIA}, issn = {2322-2700}, eissn = {2538-2152}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Taati, M. and Ghanbarian, Gh.A. and Safaeian, R. and Afzali, S.F.}, title = {Comparative Assessment of Carbon Sequestration Capability in Plant and Soil of Three Dominant Halophytic Species, Including Aeluropus littoralis, Halocnemum strobilaceum, and Seidlitzia rosmarinus in Fars Province}, abstract ={Aims: In the present work, carbon sequestration in different organs of 3 dominant of (A. , H. , and S. ) soil carbon sequestration of the corresponding habitats were examined. Materials and Methods: The aboveground and belowground organs of 3 species were randomly sampled and oven dried. Three soil samples were taken from 0-0.15 and 0.15-0.3 m soil depths (SD). From these, soil organic carbon (SOC), soil texture (sand, silt, and clay), bulk density (BD), moisture content (MC), electrical conductivity (EC), and soil acidity (pH) were measured. Findings: All of the tested had more carbon sequestration in the aboveground rather than organs. The highest value of carbon sequestration was observed in S. , which was about 18% and 90% more than the reported values of H. A. , respectively. Soil with S. greater content of organic carbon (1.5%) compared with H. 0.64%) and A. 0.63%), respectively. The results confirmed that soil top layer (0-0.15m) of patch area had more capability to sequester carbon (1.81%) in S. with the other species. Conclusion: All the tested plants had higher carbon sequestration in the aboveground organs compared with the parts. The leaves had presented the lowest value compared with shoots and roots. The soil organic carbon of the species habitat varied from 0.63 (A. ) 1.5% (H. ). Moreover, with increasing the soil depth, carbon sequestration of the underlying soil layers decreased.}, Keywords = {Saltland, Halophyte plants, Carbon sequestration, Soil organic carbon, Halocnemum strobilaceum, Seidlitzia rosmarinus, Aeluropus littoralis }, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {69-77}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-23692-en.html}, eprint = {http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-23692-en.pdf}, journal = {ECOPERSIA}, issn = {2322-2700}, eissn = {2538-2152}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Sepahvand, F. and AbrariVajari, K. and Soosani, J.}, title = {Fine Root Biomass in Acer monspessulanum Trees and Its Relation to Ecological Factors in Zagros Mountain Forests}, abstract ={Aims: Roots of diverse diameters and various physiological and physical roles compose the root systems of forest trees and its distribution influence the quantities and distributions of plant obtainable water and nutrient. Materials and Methods: Fine roots of Acer trees (n=40) were sampled randomly at soil depths of 0-15 and 15-30 cm in and positions under of trees. The fine roots were washed (d≤ 2 mm) and dried at 70°C and weighed. Furthermore, diameter at breast height (cm), total height (m), crown (m) for target trees and slope, altitude, and exposition of each sample point were measured in research site. Findings: The results showed that soil depth has been influenced on fine root biomass; so, the highest amount was observed in depth of 15-30 cm rather than 0-15cm. The difference between elevations was not significant with regard to fine root biomass. The value of biomass in west aspect was greater than east one. The slope had no effect on the fine root biomass of trees in the site, as well Pearson correlation coefficient indicated that with of trees, fine root biomass was increased. There was a positive correlation (p<0.05) between the biomass of fine roots and BD (-3), sand (%) and a negative, but statistically insignificant correlation with P (p<0.05). Conclusion: We found that depth of , exposition, crown of trees, as well as bulk density and sand (%) appeared to be a contributing fine root biomass values in Acer trees.}, Keywords = {Montpellier maple, Soil, Tree root }, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {79-85}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-28581-en.html}, eprint = {http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-28581-en.pdf}, journal = {ECOPERSIA}, issn = {2322-2700}, eissn = {2538-2152}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Javan, S. and GholamalizadehAhangar, A. and Hassani, A.H. and Soltani, J.}, title = {Estimation of Zn Bonds Using Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) Artificial Neural Network Method in Chahnimeh, Zabol}, abstract ={Aims: Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are powerful tools that are commonly used today in prediction deposit-related sciences. The research aimed at predicting various five links of heavy metals using the properties of deposit. Materials and Methods: 180 samples of surface sediments were taken from the Chahnimeh reservoir and they were transferred to under standard conditions. Total Zinc concentration, deposit properties and Zinc five bonds with deposit were measured. Efficiency of the ANN and Perceptron (MLP) model to estimate the Zn following the measurement of parameters in the laboratory. Findings: Five links were predicted with the aid of ANNs and MLP model. Deposit properties and total concentrations of heavy metals were considered as input and each of bonds were considered as output. Conclusion: Ultimately, the ANN showed good performance in the predicting the determination of coefficients or R2 0.98 to 1) and root mean square error or RMSE (0.7 to 0.01).}, Keywords = {Artificial Neural Networks, Heavy Metals, Sediment Pollution, Chahnimeh }, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {87-95}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-17907-en.html}, eprint = {http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-17907-en.pdf}, journal = {ECOPERSIA}, issn = {2322-2700}, eissn = {2538-2152}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {TavakoliNeko, H. and Shirvani, A. and Assareh, M.H. and Morshedloo, M.R.}, title = {Physiological Response to Salinity Stress in Various Populus euphratica Oliv. Ecotypes in Iran}, abstract ={Aims: Euphrates poplar (Populus euphratica Oliv.) a woody species, which is naturally distributed in desert areas of some parts Asia and Africa. This research was conducted to evaluate the physiological response to salinity stress in 12 in Iran. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted to evaluate the physiological response to different levels of salinity (75, 150, 225, and 300 NaCl) control and to assess the response physiologic traits such as RWC, EL, MDA, Proline, GB, TSS, plant pigments, SOD, CAT, and GPX. Findings: The analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between treatments all traits. Comparing of that Hamidieh was the highest group and Mahneshan and were in the lowest group. Comparing of treatments showed that 75 was the highest group in terms of performance. The 75 was the highest group in terms of SOD in contrast, 300 and control were in the lowest group. Conclusion: The result represents that Populus euphratica is a moderate , which could be suggested to reclamation of saline lands with high water table. This uses multiple mechanisms to overcome salinity stress and there is not a clear path to overcome salinity in this species. Cluster analysis divided the examined into five groups based on total traits. The grouping was not based on geographical distance, rather it was based on the conditions of the original habitat especially soil salinity.}, Keywords = {Antioxidant enzyme, Populus euphratica, Resistance mechanism }, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {97-103}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-25997-en.html}, eprint = {http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-25997-en.pdf}, journal = {ECOPERSIA}, issn = {2322-2700}, eissn = {2538-2152}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Motaharfard, E. and Mahdavi, A. and Iranmanesh, Y. and Jafarzadeh, A.A.}, title = {Effect of Land Uses on Aboveground Biomass and Carbon Pools in Zagros Forests, Iran}, abstract ={Aims: Different types of land use have different effects on carbon stored in their pools and Co2 . We compared carbon storage in different pools (tree, litter, and soil) across main land uses Mishkhas watershed in the of Ilam province, Iran. Materials and Methods: Oak forest (Quercus brantii Lindl.; Lu-F) and orchard (Juglans regia L; Lu-O) in 4 different ages were determined for estimation of carbon stocks in tree biomass, the litter, and 20 cm depth of soils in two land uses. Findings: The results showed that total carbon stocks in Lu-O ecosystem (68.75 Mg ha-1) than Lu-F (41.22 Mg ha-1). In general, soil at the two land uses was as estimated about 91% and (37.61 Mg ha-1) 82% (57.01Mg ha-1) total carbon stocks in Lu-F and Lu-O, respectively. The above ground biomass of trees was as and contained a lower contribution of total carbon stocks (roughly 6% and 15% in forest and orchard ecosystems). The least carbon , about 2% of the total carbon stocks in Lu-F and Lu-O occurred in litter due to the grazing intensity. Conclusion: As a conclusion, our findings confirm that land use type can significantly effect on carbon stocks in different pools. Therefore, management strategies are needed to enhance the forest carbon sequestration in Mishkhas watershed of Ilam province.}, Keywords = {Tree biomass, Litter carbon, Soil organic carbon stock, Oak forests, Juglans regia }, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {105-114}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-28777-en.html}, eprint = {http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-28777-en.pdf}, journal = {ECOPERSIA}, issn = {2322-2700}, eissn = {2538-2152}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {KianiSadr, M. and MelhosseiniDarani, K. and Golkarian, H.}, title = {Quantitative Zoning of Ecotourism Potential in Oshtorankouh Protected Area Using Delphi Method, Analytic Hierarchy Process, and Weighted Overlay Methods}, abstract ={Aims: Zoning is applied to achieve a scientific and appropriate management based on criteria to make possible the proper use of the resources. Materials and Methods: Zoning of the areas in order to study potential, as an approach based on multi-criteria evaluation (MCE), prevents personalized high-handed management and leads to identify appropriate recreational spots according to their natural capacities. area, located in Lorestan province, has been recognized as a protected area since 1966. This study has introduced a quantitative, weighted, and native model and Delphi method this area by using Delphi questionnaire and hierarchical analysis in order to determine its potential. The layers of gradient, direction, land type, water, fault, residential areas, land coverage, and were by applying the weights resulted from AHP. Findings: The final output is a map, in which zero has the lowest value and 5 is considered the highest value (0-100% efficiency). Only 2 hectares of this area gained a score of 5, and there was not any zero point in the region. The largest area has the score of 2 (40% efficiency), which includes more than 55% of the total area. Conclusion: We are succeeded to determine the potential of Oshtorankouh, using the AHP, Delphi method, and weighting by GIS software. Combining different methods and quantifying effective criteria by using different maps the impact of personal opinions on management decisions and provide appropriate results in accordance the potential of the area.}, Keywords = {Prioritization, Multi-criteria Evaluation, Geographical Information System, Oshtorankouh }, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {115-123}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-18755-en.html}, eprint = {http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-18755-en.pdf}, journal = {ECOPERSIA}, issn = {2322-2700}, eissn = {2538-2152}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Yousefi, H. and Mohammadi, A. and Noorollahi, Y.}, title = {Prioritization in Exporting Agricultural Products Using Virtual Water Concept (Case study: Melon and Watermelon)}, abstract ={Aims: In the new sight of the world, water is considered a good. Hence, commodity exchanges are important matters among nations. In this regard, local and international trade of virtual water as agricultural crops is an important subject in water resources management. Instruments and Methods: In this study, the virtual water of two main exported products (watermelon and melon) in Iran during 2003-2013. Some indicators, which are used in the water resources management, such as water use intensity and water dependency, were analyzed. Findings: By present assessment, during this period, 218.07 MCM of water in the form of virtual water was transferred from the country to outside. By efficiency calculation, it was obtained that irrigated watermelon production had the highest efficiency. Conclusion: The results showed that producing these products in Iran was completely hinged on the internal water resources. Additionally, in watermelon is evaluated 12 times more than melon and these results warn us to have a more precise plan for the allocation of the lands for different kind of agricultural activities.}, Keywords = {Virtual water trade, Watermelon virtual water, Water use efficiency, Water scarcity }, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {125-132}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-16733-en.html}, eprint = {http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-16733-en.pdf}, journal = {ECOPERSIA}, issn = {2322-2700}, eissn = {2538-2152}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {AbbasiKhalaki, M. and Ghorbani, A. and Dadjou, F.}, title = {Influence of Nano-Priming on Festuca ovina Seed Germination and Early Seedling Traits under Drought Stress, in Laboratory Condition}, abstract ={Aims: Germination stage is one of the most sensitive stages to drought stresses and if the plant is able to tolerate stresses in this stage, it can pass the later growth stages. Priming could improve germination of seeds under stress. Materials and Methods: Experiment was carried out using a randomized complete block design. 25 seeds were placed in petri dish under drought stress with polyethylene glycol 6000 in three levels of 0, -6 and -12 bar. After 14 days, it was found that the germination percent in these seeds was low (>40%). Then nano priming was used to improve seed germination attributes. Treatments were; control, silver nanoparticles with the concentrations of 25, 50 and 75%. Findings: Data analysis of variance indicated that influence of nano priming, drought stress, and their interaction was significant on root and shoot length, wet and dry weight, vigor index, allometric coefficient and mean germination time (p≤0.01). Results showed that PEG stress had a negative effect on seeds germination. And an increase of silver nanoparticles concentration improves F. ovina seed germination and seedling traits. The maximum of GP (86%), SG (6N/D), Vi (5), AC (6) and MGT (7.08d) were recorded for seeds nano primed in the stress of 0 level. Conclusion: Nano-priming is an impressive technique to the betterment of seedlings germination and growth of F. ovina. In the most studied indices, nano-priming 75% had the greatest influence. Before planting to restore of rangelands, to promote the establishment and growth of planted F. ovina it is recommended to prime seeds with nano-silver particles.}, Keywords = {Nanoparticles, Polyethylene glycol, Rangeland species, Vigor index }, volume = {7}, Number = {3}, pages = {133-139}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-30007-en.html}, eprint = {http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-30007-en.pdf}, journal = {ECOPERSIA}, issn = {2322-2700}, eissn = {2538-2152}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Gheitury, M. and Heshmati, M. and Ahmadi, M.}, title = {Longterm Land use Change Detection in Mahidasht Watershed, Iran}, abstract ={Changes in land use are considered as significant factors by decision makers which can be precisely evaluated by Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) techniques. However, land use alteration should also be evaluated for monitoring and curtailing the land degradation, especially deforestation and degradation of rangelands. The present research was then carried out in the Mahidasht Watershed, a western semi-arid region in Iran for evaluating land use change during 1955- 2017, using aerial photos (1955) and Landsat satellite images (TM 1989, ETM 2002 and 2017). The main land use types of the study watershed including agriculture, forest and, rangeland and mix land use boundaries were mapped for each period (1955, 1989, 2002 and 2017). Results showed that forests and rangelands suffered from accelerated destruction during 1955– 2017 period. The reduction rate in areas of forests and rangelands were 87 and 147 ha/y. In contrast, the area of rain-fed agriculture and mixed land use (mixed of the forest- rangeland, and rangeland- rain-fed) that are more vulnerable to degradation hazard were increased by 500 ha per year. Rill and gully erosion features were obviously found in converted areas, especially in the rain-fed lands, indicating siltation and other environmental problems such as deforestation and carbon dioxide emission. In addition, irrigated lands were increased by 59.8 ha annually due to enhancing groundwater extraction through water well drilling. Currently, excessive water extraction has resulted in a negative balance of groundwater table leading to water scarcity in this area. The mix land use were found more vulnerable to soil erosion and deforestation problems.  }, Keywords = {Forest Converting, Irrigated Lands, Mixed Land use, Rangeland Degradation }, volume = {7}, Number = {3}, pages = {141-148}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-30441-en.html}, eprint = {http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-30441-en.pdf}, journal = {ECOPERSIA}, issn = {2322-2700}, eissn = {2538-2152}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Naseri, M.H. and Motazedian, M.}, title = {Investigation of Quickbird Satellite Image Capability in the Separation of the Canopy of Zagros Forest Trees}, abstract ={Aims: 2005 DashteBarm forests of Fars province image is used to investigate and evaluate the capability of Quickbird satellite imagery to differentiate tree canopies regions from no-tree areas. Materials and Methods First, the validity geometric correction of satellite image was assured. By systematic random sampling, 79 square footages of (20*20) in ARCGIS 9.3 software was designed and on the footages’ places of the combined image from Quickbird panchromatic band and multispectral band, the samples of no tree canopies and tree canopies areas was obtained. Then, 20% of the footages were considered as test samples and the rest was studied as training samples. In the next step, processes on a multivariate image were performed by ENVI 4.3 software and some indexes such as NDVI, GNDVI, RVI Partial Component Analysis (PCA) were created and integrated and were combined. Then, two classifications on the original image and processed bands with two methods of maximum likelihood and Support Vector Machine (SVM) were categorized, in which the images were classified into two classes of trees and non-trees. Findings: Evaluation of the classified images using the test samples showed that the accuracy and Kappa coefficient in the classified images of the original bands were 94.478% and 0.789 for the maximum likelihood method and 94.848% and 0.877 for the support vector machine, respectively. Also, the results of the processed band's classifications by maximum likelihood and support vector machine methods showed that these images have 94.274 and 94.683% accuracy and Kappa coefficient of 0.875 and 0.882, respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study show that the Quickbird satellite image is suitable for separating tree canopies and no tree canopies areas in Zagros forests and similar areas.  }, Keywords = {Quickbird Image, Remote Sensing, Tree Canopy, Zagros Forests }, volume = {7}, Number = {3}, pages = {149-154}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-29492-en.html}, eprint = {http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-29492-en.pdf}, journal = {ECOPERSIA}, issn = {2322-2700}, eissn = {2538-2152}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {DehghaniBidgoli, R.}, title = {Study of Essential Oil Compounds from Three Iranian Artemisia Species and the Implications on Livestock Grazing Behavior}, abstract ={Aims: One of the herbal indices that effects on the livestock grazing behavior is the herbal compounds including the essential oils, so the aim of the present study is the comparison of three Artemisia species in terms of the composition of essential oils coincident and the relationship between livestock grazing time from these three plant species. Materials and Methods: Three Artemisia species (Artemisia sieberi Bess., Artemisia kermanensis Podl., and Artemisia khorassanica podl.) in the natural from habitats with similar conditions were studied. Five plant stands were selected randomly from each species and the essential oils were obtained by SDE of air-dried samples and the essential oil were analyzed by GC-MS. Findings: About 88% of essential oil compounds in these three Artemisia species were common and Artemisia kermanensis Podl. had more essential oil percentage (98.47%) and Artemisia sieberi had the lowest essential oil percentage (73.21%) while the rate of grazing on the Artemisia sieberi Bess. was higher compared to two other species in the same vegetative stage. Also, 6% of the compounds were observed only in the Artemisia kermanensis species, which is probably the presence of these compounds are the reason for the lack of feeding by the livestock of this species. Conclusion: The selection of livestock for grazing of these three species to be highly relevant to their essential oil compounds, although the amount of these compounds has decreased in the third phenological stage, preventing livestock feeding on these species in the first and second stage of vegetation. Livestock grazing planning based on essential oil combinations can be a new horizontal in rangeland management. It seems the biochemical defense in the plants with essential oil is a way to combat animal grazing.}, Keywords = {Artemisia, Natural Products, GC-MS, Biochemical Defense, Livestock Grazing }, volume = {7}, Number = {3}, pages = {155-160}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-31168-en.html}, eprint = {http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-31168-en.pdf}, journal = {ECOPERSIA}, issn = {2322-2700}, eissn = {2538-2152}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Chatrsimab, Z. and GhavimiPanah, M.H. and Vafaeinejad, A.R. and Hazbavi, Z. and Boloori, S.}, title = {Prioritizing of the Sub-Watersheds using the Soil Loss Cost Approach (A Case Study; Selj-Anbar Watershed, Iran)}, abstract ={Aims: The present study has used results of the application of Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) in integrated with the economic cost of soil loss to prioritize sub-watersheds of Selj-Anbar Watershed in Mazandaran Province, northern of Iran. Materials and Methods: Overlay of five input layers of RUSLE model, viz., rainfall erosivity (R), soil erodibility (K), slope length and steepness (LS), cover and management (C) and support and conservations practices (P) factors has been done in Geographical Information system (GIS) platform for the study watershed. Then, the soil loss and sedimentation cost have assessed using soil nutrient depletion analysis. In this method, monetary value to the depleted nutrients based on the cost of purchasing an equivalent amount of used chemical fertilizer in the watershed was assigned. Findings: The average soil loss and sediment rates of 4.92 and 1.98 t ha-1, respectively was obtained for the study watershed. In addition, the direct and indirect costs caused by soil loss during the five-year period in the Selj-Anbar Watershed were obtained 4.32×105 and 6.40×105 US$ which was totally equal to 10.98×105 US$. The highest (5.59×104 US$) and lowest (1.16×104 US$) annual cost of soil loss was estimated in the sub-watersheds S1-1-1 and S1-1-2, respectively. Conclusion: Spatial distribution of soil loss and erosion cost could provide a basis for comprehensive and sustainable watershed management. The sub-watersheds with high soil erosion and cost rates deserve superior priority for implementation of conservation activities.}, Keywords = {Economic Assessment, Erosion Price, Nutrient Balance, Ranking, Soil Degradation }, volume = {7}, Number = {3}, pages = {161-168}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-29820-en.html}, eprint = {http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-29820-en.pdf}, journal = {ECOPERSIA}, issn = {2322-2700}, eissn = {2538-2152}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Amini, A. and TabariKouchaksaraei, M. and Hosseini, S.M. and Yousefzadeh, H.}, title = {Influence of Hormones of IAA, IBA, and NAA on Improvement of Rooting and Early Growth of Tilia rubra subsp. caucasica Form Angulata (Rupr.) V. Engler}, abstract ={Aims: So far there has not been any research on propagation of Tilia rubra subsp. caucasica form angulata (Rupr.) V. Engler in the world. In this research, for the first time, the rooting and early growth in cuttings of Tilia rubra subsp. caucasica form angulata (Rupr.) V. Engler was studied by applying various hormones of IAA, IBA, and NAA. Materials and Methods: In the present study, experiments were conducted as completely randomized block design and three replications with indole-acetic acid (IAA), Indole-Butyric Acid (IBA) and naphthalene-acetic acid (NAA) with concentrations of 0 (Control), 50, 100 and 200mg/l for 115 days. Findings: Based on the findings, compared to control, rooting percentage was enhanced about 37.5% in cuttings imbibed with 100mg/l IBA. Root number and root length respectively showed an increase of 28.6% and 22.3% in cuttings imbibed with 200mg/l IAA. The greatest root mass was perceived in IBA 200mg/l, which was about 2.5 times larger than that in control. In IBA 200mg/l, the increase in leaf mass and total plant mass was 51.4% and 36.2%, respectively. The hormone of 100 mg/l IBA performed an advancement of 37.5% in rooting, 42% in shoot length and 37.5% in seedling survival. Conclusion: In total, it can be accepted that although hormones promoted rooting as well as early growth of seedling in Tilia; however, the 100mg/l IBA can be favored as a superior choice for seedling production of this species.}, Keywords = {Cutting, Indole-Butyric Acid, Leaf Mass, Linden, Survival }, volume = {7}, Number = {3}, pages = {169-174}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-24156-en.html}, eprint = {http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-24156-en.pdf}, journal = {ECOPERSIA}, issn = {2322-2700}, eissn = {2538-2152}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {EmadiShaibani, M. and Heidari, B. and Khodabandeh, S. and Shahangian, Sh.}, title = {Isolation of Bioactive Peptides from Rocky Shore Crab, Grapsus Albolineatus, Protein Hydrolysate with Cytotoxic Activity against 4T1 Cell Line}, abstract ={Aims: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women in several countries. Bioactive peptides have demonstrated their cytotoxic potential in numerous cancer cell lines. In the search for novel bioactive peptides for pharmacological properties, crab is noncommercial protein-rich species. Using enzymatic hydrolysis is an efficient way to recover potent bioactive peptides from marine sources. Materials and Methods: The aim of this study was to isolate fractions from rocky shore crab hydrolysate with desired molecular weight by ultrafiltration and investigate their cytotoxic activities. Four fractions (>30kDa, 10-30kDa, 3-10kDa and <3kDa) were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against a 4T1 cell line by MTT assay. Findings: The MTT assay showed that although all fractions from the crab hydrolysate showed some activity, the low molecular weight samples (3-10kDa and <3kDa) were more effective than high molecular weight fractions (>30kDa and 10-30kDa) while the 3-10kDa fraction proved to be the most effective. The low molecular weight fractions significantly reduced the viability of the 4T1 cell lines in a dose-dependent manner upon 24 and 48h. The results were recorded in IC50 values of about 0.40±0.063mg mL-1 for <3 and 0.25±0.026mg mL-1 for 3-10kDa fractions. Conclusion: Peptide fractions were isolated from the protein hydrolysate of the rocky shore crab Grapsus albolineatus are able to inhibit cancer cells and can be considered as a novel agent in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical ingredient applications.  }, Keywords = {Rocky Shore Crab, Bioactive Peptide, Cytotoxic Activity, 4T1 Cell line }, volume = {7}, Number = {3}, pages = {175-181}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-30565-en.html}, eprint = {http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-30565-en.pdf}, journal = {ECOPERSIA}, issn = {2322-2700}, eissn = {2538-2152}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Hayatzadeh, M. and Fathzadeh, A. and Moosavi, V.}, title = {Improving the Accuracy of Land Use/Cover Maps using an Optimization Technique}, abstract ={Mapping of Land use/cover is important for many activities of planning and management, especially in arid areas. Nowadays, satellite imagery and remote sensing techniques, which provide timely and high capability data, are widely used in producing this kind of mapping. The main objective of this study is to produce an actual land use map using advanced pixel-based (MLP, SVM, and SOM) approaches. The most important challenge, in this case, is to determine the optimum structure of classification methods. The Taguchi method is used to optimize the structure of MLP, SVM, and SOM methods. Results show that the Taguchi method can be effectively used to cope with this problem. It significantly reduces the number of classification tests. We also showed that there are significant differences between the results of the SVM method with those of the MLP and SOM methods (χ2 more than 100) and that SVM model is more efficient than other methods. The accurate map produced by the optimized SVM approach (Overall accuracy of 0.93) showed that this method has a better performance.}, Keywords = {Land Use/Cover Map, Taguchi Method, Optimization, Pixel-Based Classification}, volume = {7}, Number = {4}, pages = {183-193}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-31343-en.html}, eprint = {http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-31343-en.pdf}, journal = {ECOPERSIA}, issn = {2322-2700}, eissn = {2538-2152}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Moudi, M. and Hosseinzadeh, M.S.}, title = {Predicting the Potential Distribution of Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) in Iran}, abstract ={Aims: Species distribution models (SDMs) are predictive models for species’ geographic distributions which are in association with environmental factors and presence of species. SDMs are important for a variety of applications in systematics, ecology, and conservation. The genus Ziziphus Mill. (Rhamnaceae) comprises six species in Iran including Z. spina-christi, Z. nummularia, Z. jujuba, Z. mauritiana, Z. lotus, and Z. oxyphylla. Out of which, Z. jujuba is a common species of the genus. Materials & Methods: In this study, 43 occurrences of Ziziphus jujuba were recorded and used in the maximum entropy distribution modeling approach (MaxEnt) with five environmental variables. Three important variables: bio6 (Min Temperature of Coldest Month, 24.3%), bio8        (Mean Temperature of Wettest Quarter, 23%), bio9 (Mean Temperature of Driest Quarter, 20.5%) include 67.8% of all percentage contribution in the final model. Findings: Slope, five temperate and two precipitation variables influenced our final model. The most suitable habitats are located in eastern Iran which completely corresponds to South Khorasan province and central Iran. Additionally, the species is distributed in northern Iran as well but our model doesn’t show northern Iran as the most suitable habitat for Z. jujuba which probably related to the species has been cultivated in that place. Conclusion: Temperature is one of the most important factors in the distribution of Z. jujuba and it is compatible with that Jujube trees raise in arid and semiarid zones. However, the predictable habitats are distributed in central and eastern Iran which partly corresponds to South Khorasan province.}, Keywords = {Species Distribution Model, Jujube, Temperature, South Khorasan, Environmental Factors}, volume = {7}, Number = {4}, pages = {195-201}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-31164-en.html}, eprint = {http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-31164-en.pdf}, journal = {ECOPERSIA}, issn = {2322-2700}, eissn = {2538-2152}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Akhzari, D. and Shayganfar, A.}, title = {The Interaction of Artemisia persica Allelopathy, Drought and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Growth and Physiological Indices of Ferula haussknechtii H. Wolff ex Rech.f.}, abstract ={Aims: Ferula L. is one of the largest genera from Apiaceae family with about 180 species, which grow in semi-arid rangelands. One of the challenges associated with this genus in their natural habitats is drought and additionally in case of Ferula haussknechtii H. Wolff ex Rech.f. species is allelopathy caused by companion with Artemisia persica Boiss. Materials & Methods: The present study aimed to investigate the roles of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in the growth, physiological characteristics, nutrient uptake, and survival of Ferula haussknechtii H. Wolff ex Rech. F. grown under the interactive influences of drought and allelopathy stress conditions. Four levels of allelopathy stress, three levels of drought stress, and two mycorrhizal treatments (AM and Non-AM) were applied to the pots in a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement. Findings: Based on ANOVA results (p≤5%), the survival capacities of the Non-AM inoculated plants were significantly less than those of the AM inoculated plants for all allelopathic and drought stress levels. The maximum values of survival capacity were seen in AM×FC×A1 treatment as 75% and the lowest survival capacity was observed in Non-AM×30%FC×A4 as 29%. In general, AM fungi inoculation significantly increase the root:shoot ratios and mycorrhizal dependency values (p≤5%). Based on ANOVA results, the highest and lowest values for root:shoot ratios were observed as 0.71 and 0.27 for Non-AM×30%FC×A4 and AM×FC×A1 treatments, respectively. Drought stress and allelopathic conditions have a destructive effect on total chlorophyll content. The maximum and minimum proline content (0.21 and 0.04) was observed in treatment of AM incubated with highest level of drought and allelopathic and in Non-AM incubated with lowest level of drought and allelopathic, respectively. Conclusions: AM fungi inoculation had a significant positive effect on total nitrogen and phosphorus content in plant tissues but a significant negative effect on total nitrogen and phosphorus content was observed in drought and allelopathic stress treatments.}, Keywords = {Mycorrhizalinoculation, Allelopathy, Drought, Ferula haussknechtii, Artemisia persica }, volume = {7}, Number = {4}, pages = {203-210}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-33007-en.html}, eprint = {http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-33007-en.pdf}, journal = {ECOPERSIA}, issn = {2322-2700}, eissn = {2538-2152}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {YousefiMalekshah, M. and Ghazavi, R. and sadatinejad, S.J.}, title = {Evaluating the Effect of Climate Changes on Runoff and Maximum Flood Discharge in the Dry Area (Case Study: Tehran-Karaj Basin)}, abstract ={Aims: The aim of this study was to the prediction and analysis of temporal pattern changes of runoff, maximum discharge, and Drought indexes in the Tehran-Karaj basin. Materials & Methods: In this study, the temperature and precipitation data extracted from Statistical Downscaling Model (SDSM; 2021-2050 and 2051-2080) together with observational runoff data of the Sulghan hydrometric station (1986-2015) were used as input data for IHACRES rainfall-runoff model and discharge rate, runoff volume, and maximum discharge were extracted in the desired scales. Then, drought indexes (SPEI and SRI) were investigated. Findings: In the period of 2021-2050 and 2051-2080, the mean of annual discharge, volume of runoff and annual precipitation will be decreased. While seasonal runoff, discharge, and precipitation will rise in the winter. Moreover, the maximum predicted discharge (In most scenarios) in the return periods less than 5 and more than 50 years is less than the observation period and in the Return Periods of 5 to 50 years it will be more than the observation period. Besides, 48-month SPEI with 48-month SRI (without delay) has a maximum correlation with each other at the level of 99%. Conclusion: In the winter season and return periods of 5 to 50 years, the floods hazards and Rivers overflow in the Future periods (2021-2080) will be more than the observation period. Also, meteorological droughts often have their effect on the drought of surface waters during the same month.  }, Keywords = {Climate Change, Statistical Downscaling Model, IHACRES, Maximum Flood Discharge }, volume = {7}, Number = {4}, pages = {211-221}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-32094-en.html}, eprint = {http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-32094-en.pdf}, journal = {ECOPERSIA}, issn = {2322-2700}, eissn = {2538-2152}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {PiraliZefrehei, A. and Fallah, M. and Hedayati, S.A.}, title = {Spatial-Temporal Modeling of Qualitative Parameters and Land Use Status in Anzali International Wetland Using GIS Technique}, abstract ={Aims: Monitoring and zoning of water resources are one of the important principles in environmental planning and management. Therefore, considering the issues raised and the importance of Anzali wetland monitoring, the assessment of effective factors in zoning (GIS) along with TSI p, TSI n, and NSFWQI indices and the study of land use effects justifies the necessity of this study. Materials & Methods: In this study, physicochemical parameters of water (phosphate, total nitrogen and total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, acidity, electrical conductivity, and BOD5 properties) and water quality indicators (TSI p, TSI n, and NSFWQI) were modeled using GIS interpolation functions. To determine the effect of land use, the partial and Pearson correlations coefficient were used. Findings: According to zonation maps of annual mean values of qualitative parameters, the lowest dissolved oxygen content was in the eastern part of the wetland, the highest electrical conductivity, as well as BOD5 observed in the center of the north, in the east and north of the wetland, respectively. A survey of the total phosphate zonation map revealed the increasing trend from west to east of the wetland. The partial correlation analysis showed that the electrical conductivity, acidity and total dissolved solids were directly affected by inputs and effluent from the land use (p<0.05; p<0.01). Conclusion: Based on the coefficient of determination, about 70% of the pollution derived from the use of wetlands surrounding and entering wastewater from agricultural fields, industrial and urban.  }, Keywords = {Anzali Wetland, Partial Correlation, Buffer, Water Quality Index, Interpolation }, volume = {7}, Number = {4}, pages = {223-231}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-35497-en.html}, eprint = {http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-35497-en.pdf}, journal = {ECOPERSIA}, issn = {2322-2700}, eissn = {2538-2152}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {zafarshademan, F. and Ajorlo, M. and DahmardehGhaleno, M. and Ebrahimian, M.}, title = {Effect of Land Use Change on Water Balance Components of Gharib Abad Watershed, Sistan and Baluchestan Province}, abstract ={Aims: Accurate and timely estimates of the water balance are necessary for the maintenance of surface and underground waters. The purpose of the present study was to investigate effect of land use change on the water balance of Gharib Abad Watershed using the WetSpa model. Material & Methods: The present study was carried out in Gharib Abad Watershed in Zahedan with a total area of 9924.4ha in Sistan and Baluchestan Province. Firstly, the model was implemented for the statistical period of 2008-2016 using the land use map of 2016, so that to calibrate the model, the statistical period of 2008-2012 and to validate the model the statistical period of 2012-2016 were selected. Then in order to investigate the effect of the land use change on water balance, all data and maps used in the model were maintained fixed (except for the land use map) and the model was simulated using the land use map of 2000. Findings: In the land use of 2000 from total precipitation, the evaporation rate was 69.60%. In addition, 4.13% of the total precipitation was stopped and evaporated by vegetation cover. Moreover, 26.27% have been converted to runoff. While in the land use of 2016 the evaporation increased by 9.01%, the vegetation cover decreased by 2.42%, the runoff decreased by 6.59%. Also,  and  were identified as the most sensitive parameters. Conclusion: The WetSpa mode has well estimated the components of the water balance of watershed and has the necessary efficiency in arid areas.  }, Keywords = {Simulation, Hydrograph, Hydrological Process, Vegetation}, volume = {7}, Number = {4}, pages = {233-244}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-32213-en.html}, eprint = {http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-32213-en.pdf}, journal = {ECOPERSIA}, issn = {2322-2700}, eissn = {2538-2152}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Parsakhoo, A.}, title = {Improving the Soil Mechanical Properties of Forest Roads by Combinations of Nano-Silica Materials and Horsetail Ash}, abstract ={Aims: Fine grained soil shows weak geotechnical properties when they are used in roadbed. The aim of the present study was to assess the efficiency of nano-SiO2 and horsetail ash in improving the mechanical properties of high plastic cohesive soil (CH) and low plastic cohesive soil (CL). Materials & Methods: Soil samples were brought from an earthy bed of proposed roads in Bahramnia Forest, Golestan Province, Iran. Then Atterberg limits, maximum dry density (MDD), unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and California bearing ratio (CBR) tests were conducted on the soil samples treated with 0.5% nano-SiO2+1% ash, 1% nano+2% ash, 1.5% nano+3% ash and 2% nano+4% ash. Analysis was done on 7, 14, and 28-day aged samples. Statistical analysis was done using the SAS 9.4 software to compare means among treatments. Findings: Results showed that liquid limit and plastic limit increased to 56% and 37% for CH and 50% and 32% for CL with increasing the percentage of nano-SiO2 and ash mixture. These changes reduced the plastic index. With the increase in the percentage of additive materials and curing time, the MDD, UCS, and CBR get increases. Dry density decreased by increasing moisture content at the peak state (1.70g cm-3 for CH and 2.03g cm-3 for CL). The nanoash treated CL soil has a higher density than the nanoash treated CH soil. Conclusion: A optimal mixture of 1.5% nano-SiO2+3% horsetail ash and 1% nano-SiO2+2% ash, as well as 28-day curing time, is recommended for the stabilization of CH and CL earthy bed, respectively.  }, Keywords = {Plant Ashes, Nanoparticles, Soil Strength, Atterberg limits, Roadbed}, volume = {7}, Number = {4}, pages = {245-255}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-35882-en.html}, eprint = {http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-35882-en.pdf}, journal = {ECOPERSIA}, issn = {2322-2700}, eissn = {2538-2152}, year = {2019} }