eng
Tarbiat Modares University
ECOPERSIA
2322-2700
2538-2152
2013-09
1
3
207
218
article
Influence of Alnus subcordata, Populus deltoides and Taxodium distichum on Poor Drainage Soil, Northern Iran
Abdollah Rostamabadi
1
Masoud Tabari
2
Ehsan Sayad
3
Ali Salehi
4
Former MSc. Student, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
Associate Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
This study was conducted to choose the best species for plantation on a poor drainage soil in southern coast of Caspian Sea, Iran. Nutrient concentrations in live and senescent leaves and soil properties were compared among Alnus subcordata C.A.Mey (N-fixing tree), Populus deltoides Marsh. (Non N-fixing tree)and Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich. (Coniferous tree) plantations. In each of these plantations and an adjacent natural forest, six 20×20m plots have been selected according to a 100m × 100m randomly systematic grid. Leaf samples of green trees were collected from the bottom one-third of the tree crown by clipping two small twigs located on opposite sides of the crown (six representative trees were sampled in each plot). Senescence leaves have been collected inside wooden trap-based in each stand. Results revealed different effects of species on soil nutrients. Alnus subcordata increased soil N (%) whereas Populus deltoides and Taxodium distichum reduced it.The results of nutrition, litter quality, retranslocation and soil properties indicated that Alnus improve soil quality in comparison with the two others.
http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-6897-en.pdf
Nutrient Return
Nutrient Retranslocation
Nutrition
plantation
Soil properties
eng
Tarbiat Modares University
ECOPERSIA
2322-2700
2538-2152
2013-09
1
3
219
233
article
A New Approach to the Landslide Early Warning using the Chemical Composition Fluctuation in the Leakage from Susceptible Slopes
Zieaoddin Shoaei
1
Associate Professor, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
Landslides are natural disasters that annually inflict great damages to public and private properties which may associate with loss of life. In recent decades, research on developing methods for predicting the time of landslide has been one of the significant attempts made by scientists. Since in some type of material, landslides are preceded by undetectable movements that cannot be recorded and revealed by conventional instruments, recording the chemical changes of the water flowing out from the toe of the slopes susceptible to sliding can provide important and reliable indicators of landslide activities and early warning. In this study, changes in the chemical composition of water seeping out from the toe of an active landslide were investigated. This process was studied in a laboratory physical model, in which a sliding surface was simulated and the changes in the ion concentration of potassium (K), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), sulfate (SO4), chlorine (Cl), and bicarbonate as well as EC and pH in both stable state and in the conditions of slight rupture along the sliding surface were investigated. The results indicated that the appreciable chemical changes in the outflowing water, particularly changes in the concentration of some ions, could be used as suitable indicators for early warning of the landslide occurrence.
http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-11012-en.pdf
Early warning
Landslide
Leakage Chemical Composition
Monitoring
eng
Tarbiat Modares University
ECOPERSIA
2322-2700
2538-2152
2013-09
1
3
235
260
article
Farmer or Expert; A Comparison between Three Land Suitability Assessments for Upland Rice and Rubber in Phonexay District, Lao Pdr
Juan Francisco Sánchez-Moreno
1
Abbas Farshad
2
Petter Pilesjö
3
ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands
ITC, Enschede, The Netherlands
Associate Professor. Director GIS Centre. Lund University, Sweden.
Around 80% of the population relies on agriculture, rice being the staple food. Topography urges farmers to cultivate upland rice. The Chinese interest in rubber latex has stimulated farmers to grow rubber, although the technical knowledge regarding tree management and latex processing is poor. A study was conducted in an area in Luang Prabang province to examine the suitability of upland rice and rubber. The major objective was to make a comparison within and between three suitability evaluation methods, two of which are expert-driven whereas the third one was executed by a group of farmers. For the fuzzy model different membership values were set and weighed using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique. According to the Boolean classification 88% of the study area is suitable for upland rice, and 85% is suitable for rubber. The fuzzy method yielded 89% suitable for upland rice and 88% suitable for rubber. Farmers came up with 37% suitable for upland rice and 14% suitable for rubber. Comparison is made between the different methods. A reasonable agreement between farmers’ suitability maps and the expert-based methods is obtained for the upland rice than for the rubber-based land utilization type (LUT). This can be attributed to the lack of know-how on the latter.
http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-9955-en.pdf
Land Evaluation
Suitability
Fuzzy
Boolean
ALES
eng
Tarbiat Modares University
ECOPERSIA
2322-2700
2538-2152
2013-09
1
3
261
271
article
Amino Acid Profile of Caspian Sea Carp (Cyprinus carpio) during Ontogenetic Development: Applications to Feed Formulation
Anahita Farhoudi
1
Abdolmohammad Abedian Kenari
2
Rajabmohammad Nazari
3
Changiz Makhdoomi
4
Former MSc. Student, Faculty of Marine Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
Associate Proffesor, Faculty of Marine Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
Shahid Rajaee Aquaculture Center, Sari, Iran
Shahid Rajaee Aquaculture Center, Sari, Iran
Fish larvae have a high requirement of amino acid (AA) for energy production and growth. This study was aimed to increase knowledge of AA profile during feral carp larval ontogeny and estimate larval AA requirements. Larvae were collected randomly at 1, 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 26 and 33 days post hatch for growth and AA analysis. The composition of total AA changed significantly during ontogeny. The essential AA profile of marine carp showed low correlation with rotifers (R2=0.22). High correlation was found between dry food and early larval ages (R2≥0.7) but was lower in late stage (R2≥0.37). At day 7, when larvae were fed on rotifers, methionine seemed to be the limiting AA and when larvae were fed dry food at day 11, 15, 19, 26 and 33, arginine seemed to be the limiting AA. Larval indispensible AA profile can be used as index of the IAA requirements of carp larvae. Supplementation of larval diet used with limiting AA is one way for compensating the deficient amino acid.
http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-7614-en.pdf
Cyprinus carpio
Feral carp
Amino acids
Larval growth
Ontogeny
eng
Tarbiat Modares University
ECOPERSIA
2322-2700
2538-2152
2013-09
1
3
273
290
article
Particle Size and Agglomeration Affect the Toxicity Levels of Silver Nanoparticle Types in Aquatic Environment
Mohammad Reza Kalbassi
1
Seyed Ali Johari
2
Mahdi Soltani
3
Il Yu
4
Professor, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
Professor, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran University, Iran
Professor, Toxicological Research Center, Hoseo University, Sechul-ri, Baebang-myun, Asan , Korea
In order to understand the importance of particle size and agglomeration for nano-eco-toxicological studies in aquatic environments, the acute toxicity of two different types (suspended powder and colloidal) of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were studied in alevin and juvenilerainbow trout. Fish were exposed to each type of AgNPs at nominal concentrations of 0.032, 0.1, 0.32, 1, 3.2, 10, 32, and 100 mg/L. Lethal concentrations (LC) were calculated using a Probit analysis. Some physical and chemical characteristics of silver nanoparticles were determined. In the case of colloidal form, particles were well dispersed in the water column and retained their size; but in the case of suspended powder, particles were agglomerated to large clumps and precipitated on the bottom. In alevins, the calculated 96 h LC50 values were 0.25 and 28.25mg/L for colloidal and suspended powder AgNPs respectively. In the case of juveniles, the 96h LC50 of colloidal form was 2.16mg/L, but suspended powder did not caused mortality in fish even after 21 days. The results showed that both in alevin and juvenile stages, colloidal form is much toxic than suspended powder; this shows increase of nanoparticles size due to agglomeration, will reduce the toxicity. Silver nanoparticles are toxic materials and their release into the water environment should be avoided.
http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-7295-en.pdf
Aquatic nanotoxicology
Agglomeration
Silver nanoparticle
Size-dependent toxicity Rainbow trout
eng
Tarbiat Modares University
ECOPERSIA
2322-2700
2538-2152
2013-09
1
3
291
298
article
Toxicity of Potassium Permanganate to Caspian Kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum) at Two Sizes (1 and 3g)
Ali Jafar Nodeh
1
Seyyed Morteza Hoseini
2
Former MSc Student, Faculty of Fisheries and Environment, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
PhD Student, Faculty of Fisheries and Environment, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
Acute toxicity (96h-LC50) of potassium permanganate (PM) was determined for Caspian kutum Rutilus frisii kutum at two size classes (1 and 3 g). Static renewal method was used. Fish were exposed to different concentrations of PM and mortality was recorded thereafter, until 96 h. Exposed fish showed behavioral stress indicators. 96h-LC50 was calculated to be 3.204 (3.147-3.260) mg/L for small fish and 3.460 (3.393-3.528) mg/L for large fish. Safe concentration for small and large fish was calculated to be 0.003-0.320 and 0.003-0.342 mg/L, respectively. No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) and Lowest Observed Effect Concentration (LOEC) were 2.6 and 2.8 mg/L for small and 2.8 and 3.0 mg/L for large fish. Results indicated that Caspian kutum is susceptible to PM toxicity; although less than many tested species. Likewise, toxicity of PM significantly decreases with increase in fish weight. Higher tolerance in large fish compared to small fish might be as a result of increased stress resistance and higher quality of these fish.
http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-4064-en.pdf
Caspian Kutum
LC50
Potassium permanganate
toxicity
eng
Tarbiat Modares University
ECOPERSIA
2322-2700
2538-2152
2013-09
1
3
299
313
article
Factors Influencing the Invasion of the Alien Ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi Development in the Southern Caspian Sea
Aboulghasem Roohi
1
Reza Pourgholam
2
Ali Ganjian Khenari
3
Ahmet Kideys
4
Ameneh Sajjadi
5
Ramin Abdollahzade Kalantari
6
Assistant Professor, Caspian Sea Research Institute of Ecology, Sari, Iran
Assistant Professor, Caspian Sea Research Institute of Ecology, Sari, Iran
Assistant Professor, Caspian Sea Research Institute of Ecology, Sari, Iran
Professor, Institute of Marine Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Mersin, Turkey
Assistant Professor, Islamic Azad University, Rasht Branch, Rasht, Iran
MSc. Student, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
Mnemiopsis leidyi population activities first were recorded during the coastal observations in 2001 in which its population considerably increased afterward and now sustained the southern Caspian Sea. Maximum summer-autumn M. leidyi abundance was recorded in euphotic layer in 2002 (851±85 ind.m-3) and maximum biomass was in 2001 with 48.1±14.4 g.m-3) while minimum were in aphotic layer. In years 2003 to 2011, M. leidyi abundance and biomass sharply declined to 1-843 ind.m-3 and 0.07-37.7 g.m-3, respectively. The length-frequency distribution of Mnemiopsis showed larval, juveniles and transitional stages that made up 98.6% of the total population. In the southern Caspian Sea, Acartia tonsa was the highest number of mesozooplankton species (36 species) which decreased tenfold after Mnemiopsis invasion during 2001-2010. Fecundity experiments of Mnemiopsis showed the average of 8 eggs. day-1, with a maximum of 35 eggs.day-1which increased with increasing body length. The main food was larger amounts of zooplankton prey such as copepodites and adult of A. tonsa. It seems the sharp decreased of Mnemiopsis abundance could be related the decreasing of ova reproduction; and food ability is the main reasons of M. leidyi sustained in the southern Caspian Sea. The objective of present study was to provide information about parameters influencingthe M. leidyi decreased after initial bloom invasion in the southern Caspian Sea.
http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-3968-en.pdf
Caspian Sea
Diet
Mnemiopsis leidyi
Ova reproduction
Zooplankton
eng
Tarbiat Modares University
ECOPERSIA
2322-2700
2538-2152
2013-09
1
3
315
327
article
Biochemical Properties of Fish Protein Isolate (FPI) from Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) by Application of Acid-Alkali Processes Compared to Traditional Prepared Surimi
Seyed Ali Jafarpour
1
Bahareh Shabanpour
2
Sadegh Shirvani Filabadi
3
Assistant Professor, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran
Associate Professor, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
Former MSc. Student, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
Some Biochemical properties of silver carp surimi prepared by application of acid-alkali aided methods were investigated and compared to that of derived by conventional method. In terms of total protein solubility and recovery, lipid reduction, and total pigment extractability and myoglobin removal there was a significant (P<0.05) difference among the treatments. Acid-aided method showed the most efficiency to recover more proteins (86.2%) in comparison to the alkaline-aided (79.8%) and conventional (76.7%) methods. The lipid reduction percentage was recorded as 43.6%, 58.4% and 72.3% for the conventional method, and acid-alkali aided methods, respectively. In terms of total pigment removal, the conventional method showed higher efficiency (P<0.05) compared to the pH-shifting methods. Conversely, fish protein solubilisation by acid-alkali aided techniques was more efficient (P<0.05) compared to the conventional method of making surimi. In conclusion, pH-shifting techniques were superior in comparison with the conventional method in order to recover more functional proteins and to efficiently reduce the lipid and myoglobin content of resultant fish protein isolate.
http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-7007-en.pdf
Acid-alkali solubilisation
Biochemical Properties
fish protein isolate
Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)
Surimi