Volume 6, Issue 1 (2018)
ECOPERSIA 2018, 6(1): 67-78 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Rashidi F, Jalili A. The Effects of Airborne Pollutants and Climatic Factors of Different Sections of Tehran Areas on Leaf Characteristics of Oriental Plane (Platanus orientalis L.) Trees. ECOPERSIA 2018; 6 (1) :67-78
URL: http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-14897-en.html
URL: http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-14897-en.html
1- Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran , rashidi@rifr-ac.ir
2- Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
2- Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
Abstract: (5932 Views)
Aims: This study was carried out to determine the effects of urban gaseous pollutants (sulfur dioxide [SO2], nitrogen dioxide [NO2], and ozone [O3]) and climatic factors (temperature and precipitation) on the morphological and anatomical reaction of Platanus orientalis L. in Tehran.
Materials & Methods: Seven districts of this city with a wide spectrum of climatic conditions and diversity of elevation were selected, and gas concentration of SO2, NO2, and O3 was determined. Then, morphological and anatomical parameters of this plant including leaf area, specific leaf area (SLA), wet and dry weight, leaf toughness and thickness, water content, lamina, and main vein were measured and the analysis of their correlations with environmental (climatic and pollutant) factors along with their t-tests were evaluated.
Findings: The results showed that the climatic factors made significant (P < 0.05) changes on SLA, water content, wet and dry weight of green leaves of this plant. In addition, different levels of pollutant gases had significant (P < 0.05) effects on natural toughness, thickness, wet weight, number of spongy parenchyma layers, and the ratio of lamina mesophyll to subvein of leaves.
Conclusion: The results explain that anatomical and morphological characteristics of P. orientalis leaves have been influenced by environmental stresses and changes in these factors show the resistance of the plant to the environmental conditions.
Materials & Methods: Seven districts of this city with a wide spectrum of climatic conditions and diversity of elevation were selected, and gas concentration of SO2, NO2, and O3 was determined. Then, morphological and anatomical parameters of this plant including leaf area, specific leaf area (SLA), wet and dry weight, leaf toughness and thickness, water content, lamina, and main vein were measured and the analysis of their correlations with environmental (climatic and pollutant) factors along with their t-tests were evaluated.
Findings: The results showed that the climatic factors made significant (P < 0.05) changes on SLA, water content, wet and dry weight of green leaves of this plant. In addition, different levels of pollutant gases had significant (P < 0.05) effects on natural toughness, thickness, wet weight, number of spongy parenchyma layers, and the ratio of lamina mesophyll to subvein of leaves.
Conclusion: The results explain that anatomical and morphological characteristics of P. orientalis leaves have been influenced by environmental stresses and changes in these factors show the resistance of the plant to the environmental conditions.
Article Type: Original Research |
Subject:
Aquatic Ecology
Received: 2018/01/29 | Accepted: 2017/09/1 | Published: 2018/03/30
Received: 2018/01/29 | Accepted: 2017/09/1 | Published: 2018/03/30
References
1. Ghyasedin M. Air pollution-sources, effects and controls. Tehran: Tehran University Press; 2007. p. 920. [Persian] [Link]
2. Gostin IN, Ivanescu L. Structural and micro morphological changes in leaves of Salix alba under air pollution effect. Int J Energ Environ. 2007;1:219-26. [Link]
3. Stevovic S, Surcinski Mikovilovic VS, Calic-Dragosavac D. Environmental study of heavy metals influence on soil and Tansy (Tanacetum vulgare L.). Afr J Biotechnol. 2010;9(16):2392-400. [Link]
4. Bahram-Soltani K. Basic facts of urban green area architecture. Tehran: Did; 2005. p. 218. [Persian] [Link]
5. Jahan S, Iqbal MZ. Morphological and anatomical studies of leaves of different plants affected by motor vehicles exhaust. Med J Islamic World Acad Sci. 1992;5(1):21-3. [Link]
6. Royampaeng S, Puangchit L. Effects of air pollution on leaf structure and growth performances of Pterocarpus indicus Willd, Seedlings. Thai J For. 1995;14:151-60. [Thai] [Link]
7. Viskari EL, Kossi S, Holopainen JK. Norway spruce and spruce shoot aphid as indicators of traffic pollution. Environ Pollut. 2000;107(3):305-14. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/S0269-7491(99)00179-7]
8. Ferdinand JA, Fredericksen TS, Kouterick KB, Skelly JM. Leaf morphology and ozone sensitivity of two open pollinated genotypes of black cherry (Prunus serotina) seedlings. Environ Pollut. 2000;108(2):297-302. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/S0269-7491(99)00078-0]
9. Gratani L, Crescente MF, Petruzzi M. Relationship between leaf life-span and photosynthetic activity of Quercus ilex in polluted urban areas (Rome). Environ Pollut. 2000;110(1):19-28. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/S0269-7491(99)00285-7]
10. Pourkhabbaz AR, Rastin N, Olbrich A, Langenfeld Heiser R, Polle A. Influence of environmental pollution on leaf properties of urban plane trees, Platanus orientalis L. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2010;85(3):251-5. [Link] [DOI:10.1007/s00128-010-0047-4]
11. Seyyedinejad SM, Koochak H. A study on air pollution Induced biochemical alterations in Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Aust J Basic Appl Sci. 2011;5(3):601-6. [Link]
12. Ekpemerechi SE, Lala MA, Jimoda LA, Odiwe AI, Saheed SA. Effect of air pollution on the foliar morphology of some species in the family Euphorbiaceae in southwestern Nigeria. J Sci Technol. 2014;34(1):21-9. [Link] [DOI:10.4314/just.v34i1.3]
13. Songsri P, Jogloy S, Holbrook CC, Kesmala T, Vorasoot N, Akkasaeng C, et al. Association of root, specific leaf area and SPAD chlorophyll meter reading to water use efficiency of peanut under different available soil water. Agric Water Manag. 2009;96(5):790-8. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.agwat.2008.10.009]
14. Kulkarni M, Schneider B, Raveh E, Tel-Zur N. Leaf anatomical characteristics and physiological responses to short-term drought in Ziziphus mauritiana (Lamk.). Sci Hortic. 2010;124:316-22. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.scienta.2010.01.005]
15. Mebrahtu T, Hanover JW. Family variation in gas exchange, growth and leaf traits of black locust half-sib families. Tree Physiol. 1991;8(2):185-93. [Link] [DOI:10.1093/treephys/8.2.185]
16. Van De Sande-Bakhuyzen HL. Studies upon wheat grown under constant conditions. Plant Physiol. 1928;3(1):1-6. [Link] [DOI:10.1104/pp.3.1.1]
17. Hunt R. Basic growth analysis: Plant growth analysis for beginners. Karimi M, Azizi M, translators. Mashhad: Jahad Daneshgahi (Mashhad University); 1994; p. 111. [Persian] [Link]
18. Wright W, Illius AW. A comparative study of the fracture properties of five grasses. Funct Ecol. 1995;9(2):269-78. [Link] [DOI:10.2307/2390573]
19. Choong MF, Lucas PW, Ong JSY, Pereira B, Tan HTW, Turner LM. Leaf fracture toughness and sclerophylly: Their correlations and ecological implications. New Phytol. 1992;121(4):597-610. [Link] [DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1992.tb01131.x]
20. Hayes F, Jones MLM, Mills G, Ashmore M. Meta-analysis of the relative sensitivity of semi-natural vegetation species to ozone. Environ Pollut. 2007;146(3):754-62. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.envpol.2006.06.011]
21. Reig-Armi-ana J, Calatayud V, Cervero´ J, Garcia-Breijo FJ, Ibars A, Sanz MJ. Effects of ozone on the foliar histology of the mastic plant (Pistacia lentiscus L.). Environ Pollut. 2004;132(2):321-31. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.envpol.2004.04.006]
22. Dineva S. Comparative studies of the leaf morphology and structure of white ash (Fraxinus americana L.) and London plane tree (Platanus acerifolia Willd) growing in polluted area. Dendrobiology. 2004;52:3-8. [Link]
23. Nikolaevski VS. About the indicators of the durability of woody plants. Publisher Location unknown: INTA Biologii UFAN;1963. p. 74. [Russian] [Link]
24. Evans LS, Ting IP. Ozone sensitivity of leaves: Relationship to leaf water content, gas transfer resistance and anatomical characteristics. Am J Bot. 1974;61(6):592-7. [Link] [DOI:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1974.tb12280.x]
25. Asadi A. The effect of environmental pollution on internal structure and some biochemical and physiology ocalyptus spp. and Zizipus spp. In Khozestan Provinance [Dissertation]. Tehran: University of Payame Noor; 2009; p. 72. [Persian] [Link]
26. Ashenden TW, Williams IAD. Growth reductions in Lolium multiflorum Lam. and Phleum pratense L. As a result of SO2 and NO2 pollution. Environ Pollut Ser A Ecol Biol. 1980;21(2):131-9. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/0143-1471(80)90041-0]
27. Askari M, Hosseinkhani Hezave Sh. Inoculation effects of standard and native rhizobium meliloti on growth Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) under the So2 pollution. J Cell Tissue. 2012;3(3):259-70. [Persian] [Link]
28. Bhardwaj MK, Bhardwaj R, Bhardwaj A. Studies in growth and biochemical responses in capsicum annum under So2 exposure. Indian J Appl Pure Biol. 2011;26(1):129-134. [Link]
29. Salama HMH, Al-Rumaih MM, Al-Dosary MA. Effects of Riyadh cement industry pollutions on some physiological and morphological factors of Datura innoxia Mill, Plant. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2011;18(3):227-37. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.sjbs.2011.05.001]
30. Kramer PJ, Kozlowski TT. Physiology of woody plants. New York: Academic Press; 1979. p. 811. [Link]
31. Naidoo G, Chirkoot D. The effects of coal dust on photosynthetic performance of the mangrove, Avicennia marina in Richards's bay, South Africa. Environ Pollut. 2004;127:359-66. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/j.envpol.2003.08.018]
32. Marcelis LFM, Heuvelink E, Goudriaan J. Modelling biomass production and yield of horticultural crops: A review. Sci Hortic. 1998;74(1-2):83-111. [Link] [DOI:10.1016/S0304-4238(98)00083-1]
33. Tardieu F, Granier C, Muller B. Modelling leaf expansion in a fluctuating environment: Are changes in specific leaf area a consequence of changes in expansion rate?. New Phytol, 1999;143(1):33-43. [Link] [DOI:10.1046/j.1469-8137.1999.00433.x]
34. Rabiee M, Asri Y, Abbas Azimi R, Dehghan M. The effects of climatically parameters on anatomical structure of Artemisia sieberi Besser populations. Iran J Plant Biol. 2012;13(4):57-69. [Link]
35. Rabie M. Investigation of Artemisia sieberi Besser population ecological characteristic in Iran [Dissertation]. Karaj. University of Tehran, Faculty of Natural Recourses; 2008. p. 350. [Persian] [Link]
36. Akhzari D, Ghasemi Aghbash F. Effect of salinity and drought stress on the seedling growth and physiological traits of Vetiver Grass (Vetiveria zizanioides stapf.). ECOPERSIA. 2013;1(4):339-52. [Link]
37. Bagheri M, Al-e Bouali F, Sadeghi, H, Javanmardi Sh. Investigation the effect of drought stress on ion changes, Water content percentage, prolin and other characteristic of petunia sp. J Horticul Sci. 2014;28(3):347-59. [Link]
38. Ahmadi A, Emam Y, Pessarakli M. Biochemical changes in maize seedling exposed to drought stress conditions at different nitrogen levels. J Plant Nutr. 2010;33(4):541-56. [Link] [DOI:10.1080/01904160903506274]
39. Fahn A. Plant anatomy, 4th Edition. Oxford: Pergamon Press; 1990. [Link]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |